International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management
Quarterly Publication

Social capital and its impact on poverty reduction: Rural-agriculture and urban-multisector underprivileged communities

Document Type : ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Authors

A. Faisal 1
M. Saleh S. Ali 1
R. Rahmadanih 2
H. Ch. Lakare 2

1 Development Studies Program, Graduate School of Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

2 Department of Agriculture Socio Economics, Faculty of Agriculture, Hasanuddin University, Makassar, Indonesia

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2025.04.12
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Poverty remains a critical issue in many regions of Indonesia, requiring comprehensive solutions. Social capital, a critical non-economic factor, emerged as an essential tool in empowering communities to reduce poverty. This study aims to explore the social capital among underprivileged households in Enrekang Regency and offers practical models to enhance poverty alleviation.
METHODS: Data were collected through a structured questionnaire and in-depth interviews with 140 heads of underprivileged households in Enrekang Regency, Indonesia, covering both rural-agricultural and urban-multi-sector areas. The data were analyzed using a nonparametric analysis method, while the significance of social capital was assessed using the Mann-Whitney test. The social capital variables investigated in this research included trust, groups and networks, norms, information and communication, cohesiveness, and reciprocity.
FINDINGS: The findings revealed that social capital tended to be stronger in rural-agricultural areas than urban-multisector regions. Factors such as homogeneity, kinship, local institutions, and traditional values were foundational elements of social capital. Social capital is primarily utilized to fulfill basic survival needs rather than to pursue profit maximization. Practices such as mutual assistance during farming activities (e.g., fertilization, planting, pest control), the sharing of harvests for collective consumption, and local kiosks providing loan mechanisms demonstrate the vital role of social capital in sustaining daily life. Predominantly, the social capital identified in these communities is bonding social capital (internal solidarity), with limited progression towards bridging social capital, which could better connect various resources within and beyond the community.
CONCLUSION: In conclusion, the strategy for leveraging social capital in poverty alleviation in Enrekang was developed through two models: (a) the rural-agriculture model and (b) the urban-multisector model. Both models emphasized strengthening ties among families, neighborhoods, and community groups. These relationships were optimized to shift from bonding to bridging social capital, enhancing the overall effectiveness of poverty alleviation initiatives.

Keywords

Poverty alleviation
rural-agriculture
social capital
underprivileged community
urban-multisector
Subjects

OPEN ACCESS

©2024 The author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: 

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 

PUBLISHER NOTE
Tehran Urban Research & Planning Centre (TURPC) takes a neutral position about claims on disputed territories, place names, international boundaries, jurisdiction in published maps, and institutional affiliations. TURPC is committed to retracting a paper after its publication if it becomes apparent that there are serious problems in its content, in terms of research and publication ethics (https://www.ijhcum.net/journal/process?ethics).

CITATION METRICS & CAPTURES

Google Scholar | DOAJ | Scopus | EBSCO | Internet Archive |Twitter |Mendeley  

CURRENT PUBLISHER

 Tehran Urban Research and Planning Center: Tehran Municipality

 

Badan Pusat Statistik., (2024). Persentase Penduduk Miskin Maret 2024.
Badan Pusat Statistik Provinsi Sulawesi Selatan., (2024). Persentase Penduduk Miskin (P0) Menurut Kabupaten/Kota se-Sulawesi Selatan (Persen).
Burton, G., (2013). An End to Poverty in Brazil? An Assessment of the Lula and Rousseff Governments’ Poverty Reduction and Elimination Strategies, Journal of Policy Practice., 12(3): 194–215 (22 pages).
Chambers, R., (1983). Rural Development: Putting the last firs. In International Affairs (1st Edition, Issue 3). British Library Cataloguing.
Christiaan, G. (1998). Social capital: the missing link? Social Capital Initiative, The World Bank: Washington, D.C.
Coffe, H., (2009). Social capital and community heterogeneity, Social Indic. Res., 91(2): 155–170 (16 pages).
Cox, E., (1995). A Truly Civil Society. Sydney: UNSW School of Public Health and Community Medicine (8 pages).
Coleman, J.S., (1988). Social Capital in the Creation of Human Capital, American Journal of Sociology., 94(1): 95–120 (26 pages).
Elkins, M., (2014). Embedding the Vulnerable into the Millennium Development Goals: Social Protection in Poverty Reduction Strategy Papers, Journal of International Development., 26(6): 853–874 (22 pages).
Fukuyama, F., (2001). Social Capital, Civil Society and Development, Third World Quarterly., 22(1): 7–20 (14 pages).
Grootaert, C., (2001). Does social capital help the poor? A synthesis of findings from the local level institutions studies in Bolivia, Burkina faso and Indonesia, The World Bank: Washington, D.C
Hasbullah, J. (2006). Social capital (menuju keunggulan budaya manusia Indonesia). MR-United Press
Junaidi.; Rustiadi, E.; Sutomo, S.; Juanda, B., (2012). Perkembangan desa-desa eks transmigrasi dan interaksi dengan wilayah sekitarnya serta kebijakan ke depan (kajian di Provinsi Jambi), Thesis. IPB University: Bogor.
Jusniaty, J.; Sani, K.R., (2018). Pengelolaan modal sosial masyarakat dalam perumusan kebijakan pemerintah desa di Kabupaten Sinjai. Jurnal Ilmiah Administrasita., 9(2): 1-12 (12 pages).
Krishna, A.; Uphoff, N., (2002). Mapping and measuring social capital through assessment of collective action to conserve and develop watersheds in Rajasthan, India. The Role of Social Capital in Development, 85–124 (40 pages).
Musterd, S., (2005). Social and ethnic segregation in europe: levels, causes, and effects, Journal of Urban Affairs., 27(3): 331–348 (17 pages).
Narayan, D.; Pritchett, L., (1999). Cents and sociability: Household income and social capital in rural Tanzania, Economic Development and Cultural Change., 47(4): 871–897 (27 pages).
Portes, A.; Landolt,P., (1996). The downside of social capital, Am Prospect., 18-22 (5 pages).
Putnam, R.D., (1993). The prosperous community: Social capital and public life, The American Prospect: 1-11 (11 pages).
Putnam, R.D., (1995). Bowling Alone: America’s Declining Social Capital, Journal of Democracy., 6(1): 65–78 (14 pages).
Rahmadanih; Demmallino, E.B.; Ishak, M.A.; Bulkis, S.; Fudjaja, L.; Ibrahim, T.; Zainal., (2021). Social capital analysis and its relations with the household food security of the coastal community, IOP Conf. Ser.: Earth Environ. Sci., 681(1): 1-9 (9 pages).
Rustiadi, E.; Saefulhakim, S.; Panuju, D.R., (2009). Perencanaan dan pengembangan wilayah, Yayasan Pustaka Obor: Indonesia.
Sachs, J.D., (2012). From millennium development goals to sustainable development goals, The Lancet., 379(9832): 2206–2211 (6 pages).
Salman, D.; Kasim, K.; Ahmad, A.; Sirimorok, N., (2021). Combination of bonding, bridging and linking social capital in a livelihood system: Nomadic duck herders amid the covid-19 pandemic in South Sulawesi, Indonesia, Forest and Society., 5(1): 136–158 (23 pages)
Sen, A. (1985). Well-Being, Agency and Freedom: The Dewey Lectures 1984, Journal of Philosophy., 82(4): 169–221 (53 pages).
Todaro, M.; Smith, S., (2015). Economic Development (Thirteenth Edition). Pearson: United Kingdom
United Nations. (2019). The Sustainable Development Goals Report.
Van Bastelaer, T. (2000). Does social capital facilitate the poor’s access to credit? A review of the microeconomic literature. Social Capital Initiative.
Wahid, W.; Salman, D.; Demmallino, E.B., (2024). Bonding, bridging, and linking social capital combinations in maize agribusiness system, Journal of Infrastructure, Policy and Development., 8(2): 1–19 (19 pages).
Woolcock, M.; Narayan, D., (2000). Social Capital: Implications for Development Theory, Research, and Policy, The World Bank: Washington DC., 15(2): 225–249 (25 pages).
 

LETTERS TO EDITOR

International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management (IJHCUM) welcomes letters to the editor for the post-publication discussions and corrections which allows debate post publication on its site, through the Letters to Editor. Letters pertaining to manuscript published in IJHCUM should be sent to the editorial office of IJHCUM within three months of either online publication or before printed publication, except for critiques of original research. Following points are to be considering before sending the letters (comments) to the editor.


[1] Letters that include statements of statistics, facts, research, or theories should include appropriate references, although more than three are discouraged.

[2] Letters that are personal attacks on an author rather than thoughtful criticism of the author’s ideas will not be considered for publication.

[3] Letters can be no more than 300 words in length.

[4] Letter writers should include a statement at the beginning of the letter stating that it is being submitted either for publication or not.

[5] Anonymous letters will not be considered.

[6] Letter writers must include their city and state of residence or work.

[7] Letters will be edited for clarity and length.

Send comment about this article
Enter Name.
Enter a valid email address.
Enter a vaid affiliation.
Enter comments (At leaset 10 words)
CAPTCHA Image
Enter Security Code Correctly.

  • Receive Date 11 February 2025
  • Revise Date 20 April 2025
  • Accept Date 26 May 2025

Home

Authorship

Submit Manuscript

Indexing and Abstracting

Editorial Board

Unrestricted Reuse in Compliance with BOAI

Open Access Policy

Self-Archiving Policy

Privacy Statement

Publisher Business Model

Publisher and Sponsor

Contact Us