International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management
Quarterly Publication

A closer look at the work behavior of Gen Z in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises of developing countries

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2025.01.09
Volume 10, Issue 1 - Serial Number 37
Winter 2025
Pages 135-148
International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management

Document Type : ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Authors

I. Astuty 1
R. J. Astuti 1
S. M. Mahmud 1
V. Widodo 2

1 Department of Management, Faculty Economics and Business, Universitas Muhammadiyah Yogyakarta, Indonesia

2 Department of PJJ Management, Faculty Business and Humanities, Universitas Siber Muhammadiyah, Indonesia

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The management of human resources focusing on workplace happiness is gaining significant attention in the study of organizational behavior, particularly in organizations hiring Gen Z. This generation perceives workplace happiness differently, making the factor crucial in understanding work behavior. Therefore, this study aimed to explore the role of workplace happiness as a mediator between motivation and performance among employees in Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises in developing countries.
METHODS: The study adopted a survey design, obtaining data from 186 young workers across 23 MSMEs in developing countries. Path analysis was also used to test the proposed model.
FINDINGS: The first results in this study showed that motivation significantly affected happiness at work with a p-value of 0.000 below the specified significance level of ≤0.005 (5%). The second result also showed that motivation significantly influenced performance with a similar p-value of 0.000. The third result suggested that happiness at work exhibited a significant effect on performance with a p-value threshold. Finally, the study found that happiness at work mediated the relationship between motivation and performance as evidenced by a p-value of 0.000.
CONCLUSION: The study suggested that motivation positively affected happiness at work and further enhanced performance. Additionally, job satisfaction could serve as a mediator between motivation and performance. Cultivating a work environment that prioritizes teamwork, and mutual respect, as well as discourages self-serving behavior could further improve employee happiness, job satisfaction, and overall performance. This improvement would also benefit MSMEs by enhancing work quality and productivity.

Keywords

Work motivation
Happiness at work
Performance
MSMEs
Subjects

OPEN ACCESS

©2024 The author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: 

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 

PUBLISHER NOTE

Tehran Urban Research & Planning Centre (TURPC) takes a neutral position about claims on disputed territories, place names, international boundaries, jurisdiction in published maps, and institutional affiliations. TURPC is committed to retracting a paper after its publication if it becomes apparent that there are serious problems in its content, in terms of research and publication ethics (https://www.ijhcum.net/journal/process?ethics).

CITATION METRICS & CAPTURES

Google Scholar | DOAJ | Scopus | EBSCO | Internet Archive |Twitter |Mendeley  

CURRENT PUBLISHER

 Tehran Urban Research and Planning Center: Tehran Municipality

Abdelwahed, N.A.A.; Al Doghan, M.A.; Saraih, U.N.; Soomro, B.A., (2024). Unleashing potential: Islamic leadership’s influence on employee performance via Islamic organizational values, organizational culture and work motivation. Int. J. Law and Manage., Vol : 1-26 (26 pages)
Affuso, G.; Zannone, A.; Esposito, C.; Pannone, M.; Miranda, M. C.; De Angelis, G.; Bacchini, D., (2022). The effects of teacher support, parental monitoring, motivation, and self-efficacy on academic performance over time. Eur. J. Psychol. Educ., 38 (1):1-23 (23 pages)
Alahbabi, A. M. F. M.; Anidah, R.; Al-shami, S. A., (2021). A Framework Of Servant Leadership Impact On Job Performance: The Mediation Role Of Employee Happiness In Uae Healthcare Sector. Acad. Strategic Manage J., 20: 1-14 (14 pages)
Al-Aamri, M. S. H.; Soliman, M.; Ponniah, L. S., (2024). Influencers of academic staff performance in higher education: the role of motivation, transformational leadership and involvement in strategic planning. J. Appl. Res. in Higher Educ.Vol:1-18 (18 pages)
Allen, T.D., Herst, D.E., Bruck, C.S.; Sutton, M., 2000. Consequences associated with work-to-family conflict: a review and agenda for future research. J. Occup. Health Psychol., 5(2): 278-308 (31 pages)
Alie, J.; Riwukore, J. R.; Hawai, G. S. R., (2022). Contribution of leadership style, competence, and motivation to employee performance in the Badan Keuangan and Aset Daerah Kota Kupang. Enrichment: J. Manage., 12(2): 2452-2464 (13 pages)
Almarayeh, T., (2023). Board gender diversity, board compensation and firm performance. Evidence from Jordan. J. Financ. Reporting and Accounting., 21(3): 673-694 (22 pages)
Amer, M., 2023. Linkage among halal quality standard certification and SME’s performance: Palestinian food halal certified SME’s context. Arab Gulf J. Sci. Res., Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. (12 pages)
Akgunduz, Y.; Bardakoglu, O.; Kizilcalioglu, G., (2022). Happiness, job stress, job dedication, and perceived organizational support: a mediating model. J. Hospitality and Tourism Insights., 6(2):654-673 (20 pages)
Akosile, A. L.; Ekemen, M. A., (2022). The Impact of Core Self-Evaluations on Job Satisfaction and Turnover Intention among Higher Education Academic Staff: Mediating Roles of Intrinsic and Extrinsic Motivation. Behavioral Sci., 12(7): 236-254 (19 pages)
Amani Nezhad, J.; Abazari, F.; Mardani, A.; Maleki, M.; Hebda, T., (2022). Happiness and Achievement Motivation among Iranian Nursing Students: A Descriptive Correlational Study. BioMed Res. Int. 2022(1): 1-10 (10 pages)
Arar, T.; Öneren, M., (2021). Role of emotional intelligence and work-life balance in relationship between workplace happiness and perceived performance in academic setting. Ege Aca. Rev., 21(4): 391-406 (16 pages)
Atan, A.; Ozgit, H.; Silman, F., (2021). Happiness at work and motivation for a sustainable workforce: Evidence from female hotel employees. Sustainability., 13(14): 7778-7795 (18 pages)
Bangun, Y. R.; Pritasari, A.; Widjaja, F. B.; Wirawan, C.; Wisesa, A.; Ginting, H., (2021). Role of happiness: mediating digital technology and job performance among lecturers. Front. Psychol., 12: 1-10 (10 pages)
Bartram, T.; Cooper, B.; Cooke, F. L.; Wang, J., (2023). Thriving in the face of burnout? The effects of wellbeing-oriented HRM on the relationship between workload, burnout, thriving and performance. Employee Relations: Int. J., 45(5):1234-1253 (20 pages)
Benítez-Márquez M.D.; Sánchez-Teba E.M.; Bermúdez-González G.; Núñez-Rydman E.S., (2022) Generation Z Within the Workforce and in the Workplace: A Bibliometric Analysis. Front. Psychol., 12: 736820-736836 (17 pages)
Bibi, S.; Khan, A.; Hayat, H.; Panniello, U.; Alam, M.; Farid, T., (2022). Do hotel employees care for corporate social responsibility (CSR): A happiness approach to employee innovativeness. Current Issues in Tourism., 25(4): 541-558 (18 pages)
Boulanouar, Z., (2024), Beyond the monolith: a taxonomy of relationship banking models and segmentation levels in SMEs. J. Financ. Reporting and Accounting., Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. (19 pages)
Cohen-Louck, K.; Levy, I., (2022). Happiness during a mass trauma: Predicting happiness during the COVID-19 pandemic through function, stress, anxiety, and coping. Psychological Trauma: Theory, Res. Pract. and Policy., 15(3): 493–501 (9 pages)
Chishti, S. ul H.; Rafiq, M.; Rahman, F.; Bux Jumani, N.; Ajmal, M., (2010). Impact of Participative Management on Employee Job Satisfaction and Performance in Language in India Strength for Today and Bright Hope for Tomorrow Impact of Participative Management on Employee Job Satisfaction and Performance in Pakistan Impact of Part., 10: 89–101 (13 pages)
Dias, R. S.; Sharma, E.; Fitzsimons, G. J., (2022). Spending and Happiness: The Role of Perceived Financ. Constraints. J. Consum. Res., 49(3): 373-388 (16 pages)
Eliyana, A.; Sawitri, D.; Bramantyo, H., (2018). Is Job Performance Affected By Job Motivation and Job Satisfaction?. KnE Social Sci., 3(10):911-920 (9 pages)
Farooq, F.; Mohammad, S. S.; Nazir, N. A.; Shah, P. A., (2024). Happiness at work: a systematic literature review. Int. J. Organ. Anal., 911-921 (11 pages)
Francis, T.; Hoefel, F., 2018. True Gen’: Generation Z and its implications for companies. McKinsey & Company., 12(2): 1-10 (10 pages)
Fuadah, I. W.; Sulalah, S.; Salsabila, N.; Maulana, I., (2024). Analysis of opportunities and challenges for MSMEs business development through the implementation of sharia marketing strategy. Alkasb: JoJ. Islamic Econ., 3(1): 88-111 (24 pages).
Ganguli, R.; Padhy, S. C.; Saxena, T., (2022). The characteristics and preferences of gen Z: A review of multi-geography findings. IUP J. Organ. Behav., 21(2): 79-98 (20 pages)
Gani, N.; Suprayitno, D.; Wardhani, D.; Al Imran, H.; Rahwana, K. A., (2024). Optimising Human Resource Information Systems in the Context of MSME Technology Management. J. Informasi dan Teknologi., 6(1): 302-309 (8 pages).
Good, V.; Hughes, D. E.; Kirca, A. H.; McGrath, S., (2022). A self-determination theory-based meta-analysis on the differential effects of intrinsic and extrinsic motivation on salesperson performance. J. Acad. Marketing Sci., 50(3): 586-614 (29 pages)
Griffin, R. W.; Ebert, R. J., (2015). Pengantar Bisnis. Edisi 10. Jakarta: Penerbit Erlangga.
Hajiali, I.; Kessi, A. M. F.; Budiandriani, B.; Prihatin, E.; Sufri, M. M., (2022). Determination of Work Motivation, Leadership Style, Employee Competence on Job Satisfaction and Employee Performance. Golden Ratio Hum. Resour. Manage., 2(1): 57-69 (13 pages)
Haq, S.; Asbari, M.; Novitasari, D.; Abadiyah, S., (2022). The homeschooling head performance: how the role of transformational leadership, motivation, and self-efficacy? Int. J. Social and Manage Stud., 3(1): 167-179 (13 pages).
Hermania, P.; Heriyadi, H.; Daud, I.; Ramadania, R.; Fauzan, R., (2023). The effect of happiness at work and organizational commitment on employee performance with organizational citizenship behavior as intervening variable. Jurnal Ekonomi., 12(04): 1880-1888 (9 pages)
Hidayati, L.; Zulher, Z., (2022). The The Effect of Leadership and Compensation on Employee Performance with Motivation as Moderating Variables at the Pangeran Hotel Pekanbaru. Int. J. Entrepreneurship and Bus. Dev., 5(1): 82-91 (10 pages)
Hossain, M.I., Kumar, J., Islam, M.T. and Valeri, M., (2023). The interplay among paradoxical leadership, industry 4.0 technologies, organisational ambidexterity, strategic flexibility and corporate sustainable performance in manufacturing SMEs of Malaysia. Eur. Bus. Rev.,36(5): 639-669. (31 pages)
Jaswal, N.; Sharma, D.; Bhardwaj, B.; Kraus, S., (2024). Promoting well-being through happiness at work: a systematic literature review and future research agenda. Manage Decis., 62(13): 332-369 (38 pages)
Jaw, C.; Hsiao, J. P. H.; Huan, T. C. T.; Woodside, A. G., (2016). Complexity Theory and Human Resources Management: Transcending Variable and Case-Based Perspectives of Service Employees’(Un) happiness and Work Performance. In Bad to Good., (pp. 245-292). Emerald Group Publishing Limited., 44: 245-295 (51 pages)
Junça-Silva, A.; Menino, C., (2022). How job characteristics influence healthcare workers’ happiness: A serial mediation path based on autonomous motivation and adaptive performance. Sustainability., 14(21): 14251-14265 (15 pages)
Kalam, A.; Goi, C. L.; Tiong, Y. Y., (2023). Student motivations for social media use and their effects on academic performance-a meditational approach in an emerging market. Interactive Technol.  Smart Educ., 20(3): 313-334 (22 pages)
Katebi, A.; HajiZadeh, M. H.; Bordbar, A.; Salehi, A. M., (2022). The relationship between job satisfaction and job performance: A meta-analysis. Global J. Flexible Systs. Manage., 23(1): 21-42 (22 pages)
Khan, S. M.; Abbas, J., (2022). Mindfulness and happiness and their impact on employee creative performance: Mediating role of creative process engagement. Thinking Skills and Creativity., 44: 101027-1011039 (13 pages)
Khan, A.; Aleem, S.; Walia, T., (2021). Happiness and well-being among generation X, generation Y and generation Z in Indian context: A survey study. Indian J. Positive Psychol., 12(1): 70-76 (7 pages)
Klopotan, I.; Aleksic, A.; Vinkovic, N., (2020). Do business ethics and ethical decision making still matter: perspective of different generational cohorts. Bus. Syst. Res. J., 11: 31–43 (13 pages)
Kustiawan, U.; Marpaung, P.; Lestari, U. D.; Andiyana, E., (2022). The Effect of Affective Organizational Commitment, Job Satisfaction, and Employee Engagement on Job Happiness and Job Performance in Manufacturing Companies in Indonesia. WSEAS Trans. Bus. Econ., 19: 573-591 (19 pages)
Lester, P. B.; Seligman, M.; Diener, E., (2022). Happiness Drives Performance.MIT Sloan Manage Rev. 63.3 (2022): 57-61 (5 pages)
Lindo, A. D. C. F.; Hermawan, A.; Suharsono, N. (2023). The Efforts To Improve The Welfare of The Community Through The Utilization of The Role of SMEs (Small and Medium Enterprises). Int. J. Econ. Bus. Innovation Res., 2(06): 80-89 (10 pages)
Lutterbie, S.; Pryce-Jones, J., (2013). Measuring happiness at work. Assess. Dev. Matters., 5(2): 13-16 (4 pages)
López-Cabarcos, M. Á.; Vázquez-Rodríguez, P.; Quiñoá-Piñeiro, L. M., (2022). An approach to employees’ job performance through work environmental variables and leadership behaviors. J. Bus. Res., 140: 361-369 (9 pages)
Maria, S.; Abdillah, M. R.; Heri, H., (2022). Perceived Social Support and Work Motivation: The Mediating Role of Happiness in the Workplace. Sains Organisasi., 1(3): 177-185 (10 pages)
Mauri, A. R.; Saucedo, L. C.; Beltrán, S. B., (2021). Happiness and academic performance in students of the degree in pedagogy. Int. J. Educ. Policy Res. and Rev., 8(1):23-27 (5 pages)
Meng, X.; Hu, Z., (2022). The relationship between student motivation and academic performance: the mediating role of online learning behavior. Qual. Assur. Educ., 31(1): 167-180 (24 pages)
Miller, E. R.; Gkonou, C., (2022). Exploring Teacher Caring as a “Happy Object” in Language Teacher Accounts of Happiness. Appl. Ling.,  44(2): 328-346 (19 pages)
Minguela-Recover, M. Á.; López-Fernández, C.; López-Sánchez, J. A.; Picardo-García, J. M., (2022). The Spanish home care workers are between job vulnerability and happiness in times of crisis. Corporate Governance: Int. J. Bus. Soc., 22(3): 618-630 (23 pages)
Mishra, S. S.; Hassen, M. H., (2023). Servant leadership and employee's job performance: the role of public service motivation in Ethiopian public sector organizations. Int. J. Public Leadersh., 19(1): 64-80 (27 pages)
Meng, K.; Xiao, J. J., (2022). Digital finance and happiness: evidence from China. Inf. Technol. Dev., 1-19 (19pages)
Momeni, K.; Amani, R.; Janjani, P.; Majzoobi, M. R.; Forstmeier, S.; Nosrati, P., (2022). Attachment styles and happiness in the elderly: the mediating role of reminiscence styles. BMC geriatrics., 22(1): 1-11 (11 pages)
Negri, L.; Cilia, S.; Falautano, M.; Grobberio, M.; Niccolai, C.; Pattini, M.; Bassi, M., (2022). Job satisfaction among physicians and nurses involved in the management of multiple sclerosis: the role of happiness and meaning at work. Neurol. Sci., 43(3): 1903-1910 (8 pages)
Nilasari, B. M.; Nisfiannoor, M.;  Devinta, F. R. M., (2021). Changes in motivation that affect employee performance during the covid 19 pandemic. Jurnal Aplikasi Manajemen., 19(2): 435-447 (13 pages)
Norawati, S.; Lutfi, A.; Zulher, Z.; Basem, Z., (2022). The Effect of Supervision, Work Motivation, and Interpersonal Communication on Employee Performance and Organizational Commitment as Variables Intervening. Int. J. Entrepreneurship and Bus. Dev., 5(1): 92-104 (13 pages)
O'Reilly, S.; Mac An Bhaird, C.; Gorman, L.; Brennan, N.M., 2024. Accounting practitioners’ perspectives on small-and medium-sized enterprises’ environmental sustainability reporting. J. Appl. Accounting Res. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print.  (21 pages)
Pizzolitto, E.; Verna, I.; Venditti, M., (2023). Authoritarian leadership styles and performance: a systematic literature review and research agenda. Manage Rev. Quarterly., 73(2): 841-871 (31 pages)
Polat, Ş.; Afşar Doğrusöz, L.; Yeşil, A., (2022). The relationship between cognitive flexibility and happiness among nurses. Perspec. Psychiatric Care., 58(4): 2862-2871 (10 pages)
Pryce-Jones, J., (2011). Happiness at work: Maximizing your psychological capital for success. West Sussex, John Wiley & Sons.
Raslie, H.; Ting, S.-H., (2021). Gen Y and Gen Z communication style. Estud. Econ. Apl., 39: 4268-4286 (19 pages)
Ravina-Ripoll, R.; Galvan-Vela, E.; Sorzano-Rodríguez, D. M.; Ruíz-Corrales, M., (2022). Mapping intrapreneurship through the dimensions of happiness at work and internal communication. Corporate Commun. Int. J., 28(2), 230-248 (19 pages)
Robbin, S. P.; Judge, T. A., (2017). Perilaku Organisasi. Edisi ke 16 Jakarta: Salemba Empat.
Rostikawati, D.; Narimawati, U.; Affandi, A;, Priadana, S.; Erlangga, H., (2022). The Effect of Compensation and Work Environment on Work Ethos That Impact on Employee Performance at PT. Mitraindo Perkasa in Jakarta. Budapest International Research and Critics Institute (BIRCI-Journal): Humanit. Social Sci., 5(1): 7829-7840 (12 pages)
Rosalia, P. D.; Mintarti, S.; Heksarini, A., (2020). The effect of compensation and motivation on job satisfaction and employee performance at SMK Medika Samarinda. Saudi J. Bus. Manage. Stud., 5(7): 448-454 (7 pages)
Roussillon-Soyer, C.; Balkin, D. B.; Fall, A. (2022). Unpacking the effect of autonomous motivation on workplace performance: Engagement and distributive justice matter! Eur. Manage Rev., 19(1): 138-153 (16 pages)
Salas-Vallina, A.; Pozo-Hidalgo, M.; Gil-Monte, P.R. (2020). Are happy workers more productive? The mediating role of service-skill use. Front. Psychol., 11:456-461 (16 pages)
Scrimpshire, A. J.; Edwards, B. D.; Crosby, D.; Anderson, S. J., (2022). Investigating the effects of high-involvement climate and public service motivation on engagement, performance, and meaningfulness in the public sector. J. Managerial Psychol., 38(1): 1-20 (21 pages)
Shahzad, K.; Khan, S. A., (2023). Impact of motivation and continuing professional development upon job performance and satisfaction level of reference librarians in Pakistan: an empirical investigation. Global Knowledge, Mem. Commun. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. (24 pages)
Silva, C. A. D.; Rosa, F. S. D., (2023). Control and motivation in task performance of public servants at home office in the face of the COVID-19 pandemic. Rev.Gestão., 30(3): 267-281 (15 pages)
Singh, A.; Banerji, R., (2022). Happiness at work, organization citizenship behavior, and workplace diversity: a study on Indian private sector bank employees. Industrial and Commer. Training., 54(3), 460-475 (16 pages)
Sirgy, M.J.; Lee, D.J., 2018. Work-life balance: An integrative review. Appl. Res. Qual. Life., 13:229-254 (26 pages)
Sonnentag, S.; Frese, M., (2002). Performance concepts and performance theory. Psychol. Manage. Individual Perform., 23(1): 3-25 (24 pages)
Spitzer, M. W. H.; Musslick, S.; Janz, J.; Kiesel, A.; Dignath, D., (2024). Task performance errors and rewards affect voluntary task choices. Psychol. Res., 88(3): 892-909 (18 pages)
Stasa Ouzký, M.; Machek, O., (2024). Family firm performance: the effects of organizational culture and organizational social capital. J. Fam. Bus. Manage., 14(2): 353-373 (21 pages)
Steers, R. M.; Braunstein, D. N., (1976). A behaviorally-based measure of manifest needs in work settings. J. Vocational Behav., 9(2): 251-266 (16 pages)
Tajpour, M.; Razavi, S.M., 2023. The effect of team performance on the internationalization of Digital Startups: The mediating role of entrepreneurship. Int. J. Hum. Capital in Urban Manage., 8(1): 17-30 (14 pages)
Tajpour, M.; Hosseini, E.; Brahmi, M., 2022. Effect of international entrepreneurship indicators on innovative performance: the mediating role of motivation. Int. J. Technol. Transfer and Commer., 19(1), 142-162 (21 pages)
Tajpour, M.; Hosseini, E.; Ratten, V.; Bahman-Zangi, B.; Soleymanian, S.M., 2023. The role of entrepreneurial thinking mediated by social media on the sustainability of small and medium-sized enterprises in Iran. Sustainability., 15(5):4518-4532 (14 pages)
Thompson, A.; Bruk-Lee, V., (2021). Employee happiness: why we should care. Appl. Res. Qual. Life., 16(4): 1419-1437 (19 pages)
Toshniwal, A.; Narendran, R., (2020). An intertwined approach to workplace happiness, workplace motivation and workplace stress: A study on COVID-19 lockdown. Asian J. Manage., 11(4): 407-412 (6 pages)
Udin, U., 2023. A mediation-moderation model of transformational leadership and intrinsic work motivation for nurturing employee performance. J. Social Econ. Res., 10(2): 22-33 (12 pages)
Udin, U., Dharma, R.D., Dananjoyo, R. and Shaikh, M., (2023). The Role of Transformational Leadership on Employee Performance Through Organizational Learning Culture and Intrinsic Work Motivation. Int. J. Sustainable Dev. Plann., 18(1) (7 pages)
Uzkurt, C.; Ceyhan, S.; Ekmekcioglu, E. B.; Akpinar, M. T., (2023). Government support, employee motivation and job performance in the COVID-19 times: evidence from Turkish SMEs during the short work period. Int. J. Emerging Mark. (24 pages)
Van Waeyenberg, T.; Peccei, R.; Decramer, A., (2022). Performance management and teacher performance: The role of affective organizational commitment and exhaustion. Int. J. Hum. Resource Manage., 33(4): 623-646 (24 pages)
Van-Wyk, A. M.; Pretorius, A.; Blaauw, P. F.; Freeman, R.; Schenck, R., (2020). Investigating the subjective well-being of the informally employed: A case study of day labourers in Windhoek and Pretoria. Acta Commercii., 20(1): 1-10 (10 pages)
Vieira, V. A., (2022). The mediating role of happiness on the effect of locomotion and effort on salesperson’s performance and cross-selling: the case of financial insurance. J. Financ. Serv. Mark., 1-14 (14 pages)
Wiardi, A. H.; Saputra, F. E., (2022). The Perspective of Business Strategy and Sustainability of Micro, Small, and Medium Enterprises (MSMEs) Resilience During COVID-19. Int. J. Small and Medium Enterprises Bus. Sustainability., 7(2): 32-57 (26 pages).
Widarko, A.; Anwarodin, M. K., (2022). Work Motivation and Organizational Culture on Work Performance: Organizational Citizenship Behavior (OCB) as Mediating Variable. Golden Ratio of Hum. Resour. Manage., 2(2): 123-138 (16 pages)
Winda, M.; Susanti, P. H.; Trarintya, M. A. P., (2022). The Role of Commitment to Mediate Effect of Motivation on The Performance of Waste Bank Managers in The City of Denpasar. Int. J.  Social Science, Educ., Commun. Econ. (Sinomics Journal)., 1(2): 115-130 (16 pages)
Wittayapornpipat, S.; Wongaud, N., (2023). The Factors Affecting Happiness, Work and Performance of University Academic Staff: Rajamangala University of Technology Tawan-Ok Chanthaburi Campus. J. Digital Bus. Social Sci., 9(1): 1-8 (8 pages)
Wongsupaluk, N., (2021). The Influence Of Work Motivation And Organizational Commitment Effecting The Happiness Of Public Bus Service Operators. MUT J. Bus. Adm., 18(2), 180-200 (21 pages)
Yap, C. C.; Mohamad Som, R. B.; Sum, X. Y.; Tan, S. A.; Yee, K. W., (2022). Association between self-esteem and happiness among adolescents in Malaysia: The mediating role of motivation. Psychol.l Rep., 125(3), 1348-1362 (15 pages)
Yoon, D. J., (2022). Rude customers and service performance: roles of motivation and personality. Serv. Ind. J., 42(1-2): 81-106 (26 pages)
Zakiy, M., Ramadhani, K., (2024). Linking perceived supervisor listening with OCBIP in Islamic financial institution: multiple mediation approach. J. Islamic Accounting Bus. Res. Vol. ahead-of-print No. ahead-of-print. (26 pages)
Zani, R. M.; Ahmad, I. N.; Saad, S. M., (2022). Happiness At Work Across Generations. Fbm Insights. Carawang Kedah. Universiti Teknologi MARA Cawangan Kedah.
Zapata-Lamana, R.; Sanhueza-Campos, C.; Stuardo-Álvarez, M.; Ibarra-Mora, J.; Mardones-Contreras, Reyes-Molina, M.; D.; Cigarroa, I., (2021). Anxiety, low self-esteem and a low happiness index are associated with poor school performance in chilean adolescents: a cross-sectional analysis. Int. J. Environ. Res. Public Health., 18(21): 11685-11704 (20 pages)
Zubaidah, R.A.; Haryono, S.; Udin, U., 2021. The effects of principal leadership and teacher competence on teacher performance: The role of work motivation. Calitatea., 22(180): 91-96 (6 pages)
  • Receive Date 20 May 2024
  • Revise Date 09 August 2024
  • Accept Date 20 September 2024

Home

Authorship

Submit Manuscript

Indexing and Abstracting

Editorial Board

Unrestricted Reuse in Compliance with BOAI

Open Access Policy

Self-Archiving Policy

Privacy Statement

Publisher Business Model

Publisher and Sponsor

Contact Us