Human capital in urban management
M. Amjadian; N. Mirsepasi; M.. Kameli
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of job turnover as a strategic management approach has become crucial in the progression of human capital and in enhancing the effectiveness and output of organizations. This has been widely recognized through scientific studies. With the significance of this matter ...
Read More
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The use of job turnover as a strategic management approach has become crucial in the progression of human capital and in enhancing the effectiveness and output of organizations. This has been widely recognized through scientific studies. With the significance of this matter in mind, the objective of this study is to investigate how the departure of employees from their jobs impacts the efficiency of the Ministry of Education in Iran.METHODS: The present study was conducted via a survey methodology. The statistical population comprising all individuals employed by the Ministry of Education encompassed a total of 1500 employees. The size of the sample was ascertained utilizing Morgan's table of 306 individuals and cluster sampling. Furthermore, to ensure the sufficiency of the sample, Bartlett's test was employed. The research data was acquired through a comprehensive analysis of the relevant research literature and a researcher-designed questionnaire consisting of 74 items rated on a Likert scale. The validation of the questionnaire was verified by esteemed scholars and experts with a minimum of 5 years of experience in the fields of management and academic research, whereas the reliability of the data was ensured by conducting a test to confirm the construct reliability. A series of measures were obtained, with a minimum measure value of 0. 7, and a variance of each construct exceeding 0. The statistical data was subjected to analysis by means of the employment of SPSS version 28 and Lisrel version 11 software applications.FINDINGS: The present study's findings demonstrate significant correlations between various aspects of the job turnover process and organizational productivity. Specifically, the analysis showed strong positive associations between job turnover at the individual (r = 0. 71), intra-organizational (r = 0. 82), and extra-organizational (r = 0. 65) levels and the dimensions of efficiency (r = 0. 84) and effectiveness (r = 0. 89) of the organization. There exists a noteworthy correlation with the Iran’s Ministry of Education.COONCLUSION: The current study indicates that the job turnover phenomenon, as it pertains to individual, intra-organizational, and extra-organizational levels, exerts an impact on the productivity, efficiency, and overall organizational effectiveness of the Ministry of Education. Moreover, the simultaneous occurrence of job turnover in all three dimensions enhances its effectiveness.
Urban and municipalities management
L.A. Chamwali; A.J. Mzava; S. Watundu
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Developing countries have been experiencing a rapid increase in their population. This comes in hand with more human activity and hence increased solid waste generation as one of the by-products. The continuous surge in solid waste generation is a challenge to these countries. ...
Read More
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Developing countries have been experiencing a rapid increase in their population. This comes in hand with more human activity and hence increased solid waste generation as one of the by-products. The continuous surge in solid waste generation is a challenge to these countries. Thus the need to make conducive decisions for solid waste management. To achieve this, in 2009, the Government of Tanzania privatized solid waste management services and enacted the Environmental Regulations Law. However, only 20% of solid waste generated in urban Tanzania is collected but instead dumped in landfills. In Morogoro, one of the urban centers in Tanzania, municipal officials can only collect and dispose in landfills less than 35% of the 200 tons of solid waste generated per day. This raises concerns about the technical efficiency of solid waste management and specifically solid waste collection services in Morogoro municipality. The purpose of this study is to measure technical efficiency and analyze the determinants of technical inefficiency for solid waste collection services in Morogoro municipality.METHODS: Primary data was collected using a structured questionnaire with both open-ended and closed-ended questions. Morogoro municipality has a population of 290 waste management agents from whom a sample of 201 was selected using cluster and purposive sampling methods. A stochastic frontier approach was used to measure technical efficiency and analyze the factors determining technical inefficiency. STATA 14 software was used for model estimation and tests. .FINDINGS: Results show that technical efficiency for solid waste collection services in Morogoro Municipality is 81.56% that is below the technical efficiency threshold of 95%. Thus solid waste collection services in Morogoro municipality are inefficient. In addition, age of the waste management agent, number of houses participating in waste collection, and number of waste collection tools belonging to the waste management agents are significant determinants of technical inefficiency.CONCLUSION: Results suggest an improvement in solid waste collection through increased wide service coverage. Increased community participation is a necessity and thus mass awareness campaigns are unavoidable. It is appropriate to procurement enough tools and labor force by the solid waste collection agents. Morogoro municipal authority should provide a stern law enforcement process.
