International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management
Quarterly Publication

The effect of gamification on improving the performance of organizations by mediation of knowledge management

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2023.01.04
Volume 8, Issue 1 - Serial Number 29
Winter 2023
Pages 43-54
International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management

Document Type : ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE

Authors

M.R. Bahadoran
H. Ghasemi
A. Farahani
M. Hoseini

Department of Sports Management, Payame Noor University, Tehran, Iran

Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Knowledge is a key factor and strategic resource for gaining assets and non-functional organizational capabilities. Knowledge Management is the knowledgeable process of creating, validating, presenting, distributing and using the knowledge in an organization. Successful organizations consider human resource development as a fundamental principle. Many organization find their knowledge management process to be ignored by the employees. Gamification is a way of enhancing knowledge management with game design elements to increase employee’s engagement, content creation and satisfaction.
METHODS: The research method was descriptive-survey and based on variance-based structural equation modeling. The statistical population included 384 employees of the sports organization of selected metropolises. The statistical sample size was determined by stratified random sampling method, 384 employees who answered the research tools: questionnaires of gamification, performance improvement and knowledge management. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by 5 professors of sports management and their reliability was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and combined reliability in the dimensions of the questionnaires, higher than 0.696 and 0.757, respectively. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics tests and sobel test in SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 2.0.
FINDINGS: The relationship between research constructs with their dimensions, gamification with performance improvement and knowledge management with performance improvement of positive and significant research model (T≥2.86) and research model fit (GOF = 0.589) was evaluated as strong. As a result, managers of metropolitan municipal sports organizations can play a mediating role in the relationship between gamification and performance improvement by implementing knowledge management in the organization.
CONCLUSION: According to the research results, although gamification is an effective factor in improving employee performance, but knowledge management plays a crucial role. Therefore, it is suggested that municipal sports managers pay special attention to knowledge management and gamification to improve employee performance.

Keywords

Gamification
Knowledge management
Metropolitan municipality
Municipal sports organization
Performance improvement
Subjects

OPEN ACCESS

©2023 The author(s). This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third-party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit: 

http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/ 

PUBLISHER NOTE

IJHCUM Publisher remains neutral concerning jurisdictional claims in published maps and institutional affiliations. 

CITATION METRICS & CAPTURES

Google Scholar | DOAJ | Scopus | EBSCO | Internet Archive |Twitter |Mendeley  

CURRENT PUBLISHER

Tehran Municipality: Tehran Urban Research and Planning Center

Abila, B.; Kantola, J., (2013). Municipal solid waste management problems in Nigeria: Evolving knowledge management solution. Int. J. Environ. Eng., 303-308 (6 pages).
Ahmed, A.; Sutton, M.J., (2017). Gamification, serious games, simulations, and immersive learning environments in knowledge management initiative. World Rev. Sci. Technol. Sustain. Dev., 35-49 (15 pages).
Alavi, M.; Leidner, D.E., (2001). Knowledge management and knowledge management systems: J. Foraminiferal Res., 25(1): 107-136 (30 pages).  
Andrews, F.M.; Farris, G.F., (1972). Time pressure and performance of scientists and engineers: A five-year panel study. J. Organ. Behav., 8(2): 185-200 (6 pages).
Ardichvili, A.; Page, V.; Wentling, T., (2003). Motivation and barriers to participation in virtual knowledge-sharing communities of practice. J. Knowl. Manage., 7(1): 64–77 (14 pages).  
Baumann, P.; West, S.C., (1998). Role of the human RAD51 protein in homologous recombination and double-stranded-break repair. Trends Biochem., Sci., 23(7): 247-251 (5 pages).
Braga, P.H.C., (2022). Game concepts in learning and teaching process. Res. Anth. Dev. Gamification Game-Based Learn., 21-54 (34 pages).
Becerra-Fernandez, I; Sabherwal, R., (2014). Knowledge management: Systems and processes. Routledge.
Bock, G.W; Zmud, R.W.; Kim, Y.G.; Lee, J.N., (2005). Behavioral intention formation in knowledge sharing: Examining the roles of extrinsic motivators, social-psychological forces, and organizational climate. MIS Q., 87-111 (25 pages).
Boer, N.I.; Berends, H.; Van Baalen, P., (2011). Relational models for knowledge sharing behavior. Eur. Manage. J., 29(2):  85-97 (13 pages).  
Caponetto, I.; Earp, J.; Ott, M., (2014). Gamification and education: A literature review. In European Conference on Games Based Learning. Academic Conferences International Limited.
Cechanowicz, J.; Gutwin, C.; Brownell, B.; Goodfellow, L., (2013). Effects of gamification on participation and data quality in a real-world market research domain. In Proceedings of the first international conference on gameful design, research, and applications. 58-65 (8 pages).
Chennamaneni, A.; Teng, J.T.; Raja, M.K., (2012). A unified model of knowledge sharing behaviors: theoretical development and empirical test. Behav. Inf. Technol. BE., 31(11): 1097-1115 (19 pages).
Chin, C.P.Y.; Evans, N.; Choo, K.K.R., (2015). Exploring factors influencing the use of enterprise social networks in multinational professional service firms. J. Organ. Comput. Electron. 25(3): 289-15 (27 pages).Cohen, J., (1988). Set correlation and contingency tables. Appl. Psychol. Meas., 425-434 (10 pages).
Chuang, S.H., (2004). A resource-based perspective on knowledge management capability and competitive advantage: an empirical investigation. Expert Syst. Appl., 27(3): 459-465 (7 pages).
Da Silva Alcantara.; A., Bezerra Oliveira, S. R.; Monteiro Soares, E.; Ferreira Costa, I. E.; Viégas Junior, R.; Amoras Rodrigues, E.; and  Monteiro Soares, E., (2022). An Application of a Gamified Approach to Learning of Knowledge Management: Evaluation of an Experience Report. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn., 17(19).
Desouza, K.C.; Awazu, Y., (2005). Maintaining knowledge management systems: A strategic imperative. J. Assoc. Inf. Sci., 56(7): 765-768 (4 pages).      
Deterding, S.; Dixon, D.; Khaled, R.; and Nacke, L., (2011). From game design elements to gamefulness: defining" gamification". In Proceedings of the 15th international academic MindTrek conference: Envisioning future media environments. 9-15 (6 pages).
Endramanto, V.; Telaumbanua, R.A.; Suparman, I.; Wang, G.; and Kaburuan, E.R., (2021). Applying the Gamification in Knowledge Management System. Int J., 10(5): 12-35(34 pages).
Fornell, C.; Larcker, D.F., (1981). Structural equation models with unobservable variables and measurement error: Algebra and statistics.  
Friedrich, J.; Becker, M.; Kramer, F.; Wirth, M.; Schneider, M., (2020). Incentive design and gamification for knowledge management. J. Bus. Res., 106(4): 341-352 (12 pages).  
Geisser, S., (1974). A predictive approach to the random effect model. Biometrika, 61(1): 101-107 (7 pages). 
Hair Jr, J.F.; Sarstedt, M.; Hopkins, L.; Kuppelwieser, V.G., (2014). Partial least squares structural equation modeling (PLS-SEM): An emerging tool in business research. Eur. Bus. Rev., 107-122 (16 pages).
Helm, R.; Meckl, R.; Sodeik, N., (2007). Systematisierung der Erfolgsfaktoren von Wissensmanagement auf Basis der bisherigen empirischen Forschung. J. Bus. Econ., 77(2): 211-241 (31 pages).  
Hong, D.; Suh, E.; and Koo, C., (2011). Developing strategies for overcoming barriers to knowledge sharing based on conversational knowledge management: A case study of a financial company. Expert Syst. Appl., 38(12): 14417-14427 (11 pages).
Huerta, E.; Salter, S.B.; Lewis, P.A.; Yeow, P., (2012). Motivating employees to share their failures in knowledge management systems: Anonymity and culture. J. Inf. Syst., 26(2): 93-117 (25 pages).
Huotari, K.; and Hamari, J., (2012). Defining gamification: a service marketing perspective. In Proceeding of the 16th international academic MindTrek conference 17-22 (6 pages).
Ikhide, J.E.; Timur, A.T.; and Ogunmokun, O.A., (2022). The potential and constraint of work gamification for employees’ creative performance. Serv. Ind. J., 42(5-6): 360-382 (23 pages).
Javernick-Will, A., (2012). Motivating knowledge sharing in engineering and construction organizations: Power of social motivations. J. Manage. Eng., 28(2): 193-202 (10 pages).
Kline, R.B., (2015). Principles and practice of structural equation modeling. Guilford publications.
Krath, J.; Schürmann, L.; Von Korflesch, H.F., (2021). Revealing the theoretical basis of gamification: A systematic review and analysis of theory in research on gamification, serious games and game-based learning. Comput. Hum. Behav., 125(4):  106-120 (15 pages).
Levy, M., (2011). Knowledge retention: minimizing organizational business loss. J. Knowl. Manage.
Moore, D.A.; Tenney, E.R., (2012). Time pressure, performance, and productivity. In looking back, moving forward: Rev. Group Team-based Res.., 15: 305-326 (22 pages).
Orsini, L., (2010). History of Social Games.     
Ozcinar, Z.; Orekhovskaya, N.; Svintsova, M.; Panov, E.; Zamaraeva, E.; Khuziakhmetov, A., (2021). University Students’ Views on the Application of Gamification in Distance Education. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn., 16(19): 4-15 (12 pages).
Powell, T.H.; Kouropalatis, Y.; Morgan, R.E.; and Karhu, P., (2016). Mapping knowledge and innovation research themes: Using bibliometric for classification, evolution, proliferation and determinism. Int. J. Entrep. Innov., 20(3-4): 174-199 (26 pages).
Ryan, R.M.; Rigby, C.S.; Przybylski, A., (2006). The motivational pull of video games: A self-determination theory approach. Motiv Emot., 30(4): 344-360 (17 pages).
Richter, A.; Derballa, V., (2009). Barriers to successful knowledge management. Enc. Inf. Sci.Technol. 2nd Edit., 315-321 (7 pages).
Riege, A., (2005). Three‐dozen knowledge‐sharing barriers managers must consider. J. Knowl. Manage., 144-165 (22 pages).
Ringle, C.M.; Sarstedt, M., (2016). Gain more insight from your PLS-SEM results: The importance-performance map analysis. Ind. Manag., Data Syst.
Shpakova, A.; Dörfler, V.; MacBryde, J., (2019). Gamifying innovation and innovating through gamification. Subsistence Entrep., 183-194 (12 pages).
Singh, M.D.; Kant, R., (2008). Knowledge management barriers: An interpretive structural modeling approachInt. J. Manag. Sci., 3(2): 141-150 (10 pages).
Serenko, A.; Bontis, N., (2016). Understanding counterproductive knowledge behavior: antecedents and consequences of intra-organizational knowledge hiding. J. Knowl. Manag.,
Šajeva, S., (2014). Encouraging knowledge sharing among employees: how reward matters. Procedia Soc. Behav. Sci., 156: 130-134 (5 pages).
Sobel, M.E., (1982). Asymptotic confidence intervals for indirect effects in structural equation models. Sociol. Methodol., 13: 290-312 (23 pages).
Stone, M., (1974). Cross-validation and multinomial prediction. Biometrika, 61(3): 509-515 (7 pages).  
Suh, A.; Cheung, C.M.; and Lin, Y., (2022). Meaningful engagement with a gamified knowledge management system: theoretical conceptualization and empirical validation. Ind. Manag. Data Syst.
Swacha, J., (2021). State of research on gamification in education: A bibliometric survey. J. Educ. Sci., 11(2): 69- 89 (21 pages).
Trees, L., (2015). Encouraging millennials to collaborate and learn on the job.  Strategic HR Review.
Tajpour, M.; Moradi, F.; Jalali, S. E., (2018). Studying the influence of emotional intelligence on the organizational innovation. Int.J. Hum. Cap. Urban Manage., 3(1): 45-52 (8 pages).
Werbach, K., (2014). Defining gamification: A process approach. International conference on persuasive technology. 266-272 (7 pages).
Wetzels, M.; Odekerken-Schröder, G.; Van Oppen, C., (2009). Using PLS path modeling for assessing hierarchical construct models: Guidelines and empirical illustration. MIS Q, 177-195 (19 pages).
Yamani, H. A., (2021). A Conceptual Framework for Integrating Gamification in eLearning Systems Based on Instructional Design Model. Int. J. Emerg. Technol. Learn., 16(4): 14-33 (10 pages).
  • Receive Date 02 July 2022
  • Revise Date 07 November 2022
  • Accept Date 14 November 2022

Home

Authorship

Submit Manuscript

Indexing and Abstracting

Editorial Board

Unrestricted Reuse in Compliance with BOAI

Open Access Policy

Self-Archiving Policy

Privacy Statement

Publisher Business Model

Publisher and Sponsor

Contact Us