Human capital in urban management
S. Tawsif; S.K. Paul; M.S. Khan
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Historical reports show that COVID-19 pandemic has been confirmed over 213 nations or territories which accelerates the livelihoods. It also hampers the livelihoods of urban peoples mainly poor slum dwellers in developing countries like Bangladesh. The purpose of this article ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Historical reports show that COVID-19 pandemic has been confirmed over 213 nations or territories which accelerates the livelihoods. It also hampers the livelihoods of urban peoples mainly poor slum dwellers in developing countries like Bangladesh. The purpose of this article is to assess the vulnerability of urban slum dwellers based on five livelihood capitals during COVID-19.METHODS: Rajshahi City Corporation area is purposively selected which is grouped into three zones (central, interim and peripheral) based on the distance from the central business district, Shaheb Bazar. The study is conducted with a semi-structured and self-developed questionnaire to fulfill its objective. The questionnaires are focused on predetermined 48 indicators of five livelihood capitals (human, social, physical, natural and financial). Total 361 slum households (9%) are selected from 4010 households at 95% significance level which are proportionately distributed in 12 slum areas and household heads are nominated through simple random samplings. Data are coded, edited and inserted carefully; standardized and livelihood capital index are calculated with SPSS and map is produced with ArcGIS 10.4.FINDINGS: Study reveals that about 47.8% (central), 57.5% (interim) and 45.1% (peripheral) slum dwellers are illiterate and live in a miserable condition. Human capital index is found higher in central slums (0.435) than peripheral (0.406) and interim (0.387). The social capital index is revealed as similar of human capital index. But physical capital index claims the trend as central (0.776)> interim (0.646)> peripheral (0.536). Again, financial capital index of the central slum dwellers is higher as they receive help during pandemic and get earning opportunity and these slum areas are located near the central business district. In addition, natural capital index is totally different and peripheral slum dwellers are in better position (0.635) than interim (0.549) and central (0.358) slums. Finally, the study concludes that mean livelihood capital index of central (0.4334) slum dwellers are better than interim (0.4216) and peripheral (0.4222) slums which assesses all the study slums as moderate.CONCLUSION: The study suggests that financial improvement is becoming an ultimate need for slum dwellers since the financial capital index reveals as poor among all the slum areas. Moreover, individual or community-based strategies, international collaborations, government and non-governmental organizations need to come forward to improve not only the financial capital but also other four capitals in all slum areas to build a sustainable livelihood as majority of them live below the standard livelihoods.
Human capital in urban management
V. Shcherbak; L. Ganushchak-Yefimenko; O. Nifatova; V. Yatsenko
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor markets are extensive. One of the few labor sectors where demand has exceeded supply as a result of the impact of the pandemic is the intellectual labor market. It is explained by two factors. First, intellectual work is the engine ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The impact of the COVID-19 pandemic on labor markets are extensive. One of the few labor sectors where demand has exceeded supply as a result of the impact of the pandemic is the intellectual labor market. It is explained by two factors. First, intellectual work is the engine for scientific and technological progress, which helps to overcome the crisis. And, secondly, in most cases, such employees can work at home.METHODS: The "loosened rock" method, factor analysis were used to determine the factors influencing supply and demand in the labor market before and after the COVID-19 pandemic in Ukraine. STATISTICA software (version 13.0) was used to conduct all the analyses.FINDINGS: The results showed that the demand on the labor market is affected by 3 factors: the number of implemented scientific-innovative developments (dispersion 65.93%), the volume of their financing (dispersion 12.19%), and the level of their legal protection (dispersion 11.13%). Supply depends as well on three factors: the potential volume of scientific developments in Ukraine (the dispersion of 48.61%), the number of employees engaged in intellectual labor (the dispersion of 24.79%), and the level of qualitative supply of executors of scientific-innovative developments (the dispersion of 14.23%). The monitoring of supply and demand in the market of intellectual labor showed that there was an excess of supply over demand (by 13%) before the pandemic COVID-19, and there was an excess of demand (by 20%) after the pandemic COVID-19.CONCLUSION: These results can provide employers with important information to optimize the organization and planning of intellectual work, which will help to resolve the conflict between the possible consequences of the COVID-19 pandemic and scientific and technological progress, may be applicable in Ukraine and other countries.
Sustainable urban infrastructure
N. Kumar; R. Tyagi
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health crisis that had a deep impact on the world and our everyday lives. The deadly virus i.e. SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread around the world, posing enormous health, social, economic, and environmental challenges to the entire human ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health crisis that had a deep impact on the world and our everyday lives. The deadly virus i.e. SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread around the world, posing enormous health, social, economic, and environmental challenges to the entire human population. Countries around the world have implemented complete or partial lockdown measures to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus. Corona lockdown has profound social implications and it has sparked fears of impending economic trouble and recession. Methods: However, this lockdown has also shown some positive effects on the natural environment due to the reduction of pollutant loading from vehicle emission, industries, and other sources. Based on a review of recent research in the relevant area, this paper assesses the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on air and water quality as well as on environmental noise. FINDINGS: A substantial reduction in the level of noxious NO2, particulate matter, and carbon emissions have been observed during the lockdown period, the lockdown also led to an appreciable drop in BOD (biological oxygen demand) and a significant increase in DO (dissolved oxygen) of different river water globally. In addition to this, the anthropogenic noise level has fallen by about one-third due to the COVID-19 lockdown. CONCLUSION: This study reveals that there is a substantial possibility for healing the environment from the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities through partial or temporary lockdown measures.
