International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban management and public health

Lessons learned from urban crisis management system in COVID-19 pandemic using social network analysis

M. Samadi-Foroushani; S.S. Mirasmaeeli; A. Nasiri; Z. Molamohammadi

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 375-388

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.01

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Crises of high uncertainty and complexity provoke discussion about new requirements of crisis management systems, which is of utmost importance in developing a cooperative environment and providing effective responses. This study aims to analyze the cooperative system of Tehran ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Crises of high uncertainty and complexity provoke discussion about new requirements of crisis management systems, which is of utmost importance in developing a cooperative environment and providing effective responses. This study aims to analyze the cooperative system of Tehran Municipality departments involved in crisis management of the COVID-19 pandemic, who are called actors afterward, and thereby presents the lessons learned through this pandemic.METHODS: The Social network analysis has been applied in this research to analyze the collaboration system. Accordingly, the crisis management actions taken by Tehran Municipality is first explored and, 38 actors and 11 areas of knowledge are identified. The two-dimensional matrix of actors-actions and the cooperative system of the actors are then analyzed based on the indicators of degree and betweenness centrality in UCINET and NetDraw software to investigate the position of the actors' tacit knowledge power in the cooperative network.FINDINGS: The actors’ cooperative system generally has high density and coherence; however, it seems that the position of some actors must be strengthened within the structure of the crisis management in Tehran Municipality. The results of degree centrality index identified 7 actors with higher degree centrality (20% of total actors), and 7 actors with lower degree centrality (20% of total actors). Moreover, the betweenness centrality of the network of actors is analyzed to find the highest and lowest betweenness power in the cooperative network. Afterward, a series of recommendations are proposed based on a designed systematic intervention. Moreover, a cooperative system of pandemic crisis management would be developed based on the key actors’ experiences and the lessons learned from failures. CONCLUSION: Existing knowledge presents a valuable prospect for policy-makers in urban crisis management to not only establish an organizational cooperative system but also capitalize on the insights gained and contemplate pragmatic collective measures to enhance urban resilience in the face of pandemic crises.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Human capital in urban management

The impact of implementing green human resources practices on employee engagement sustainability

N. Razali; H. Vasudevan

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 389-404

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.02

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malaysia's food and beverage industry provides a diverse range of regional and global cuisines, reflecting the country's diverse population. Profit, the development of new products, customer and employee satisfaction, and the sustainability of employee engagement have ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Malaysia's food and beverage industry provides a diverse range of regional and global cuisines, reflecting the country's diverse population. Profit, the development of new products, customer and employee satisfaction, and the sustainability of employee engagement have an impact on an organization's productivity. Positive attitudes towards green human resources management—which encompasses green hiring and selection, green training and development, and green remuneration and reward—are a sign of engaged employees. Businesses in this industry found it difficult to retain employees due to insufficient green hiring and selection procedures, inadequate training and development programs, and insufficient compensation and benefits. This research examines the relationship between green training and development, green recruitment and selection, and green compensation and reward for employee engagement and sustainability in the Malaysian food and beverage industry.METHODS: For this investigation, the quantitative method was used to analyze information using IBM SPSS software version 26. The objective was to improve the industry's efficient functioning for long-term growth. A total of 210 surveys were distributed to Klang Valley workers in this industry using convenience sampling and a non-probability sampling approach. Taro Yamane's approach was used to calculate the sample size. Convenience sampling is a non-probability sampling technique where sample units are selected based on their accessibility to the researcher.FINDINGS: As a result, all three variables - green training and development, green recruitment and selection, and green compensation and reward - have a positive and significant relationship with employee engagement sustainability. The hypotheses have been accepted with a p-value ranging from 0.000 to 0.236. In the case of hypothesis 1, there is a positive correlation (r = 0.760, p ≤ 0.01) between green training and development and employee engagement sustainability. Similarly, hypothesis 2 shows a positive correlation with a significant p-value of 0.236 between green recruitment and selection and employee engagement sustainability. Hypothesis 3 also indicates a significant correlation (r = 0.762, p ≤ 0.01) between green compensation and reward and employee engagement sustainability.CONCLUSION: The study provides empirical evidence and conceptual proof that the establishment and management of a fund designed to promote the development of human resources within a specific jurisdiction are governed by the Pembangunan Sumber Manusia Berhad Act of 2001. The interaction between this act and Green Human Resource Management may differ depending on the specific laws and policies of a country or region. Organizations can utilize funds from the Human Resource Development Corps to carry out projects related to Green Human Resource Management, such as eco-friendly training and development courses. Green Human Resource Management seeks to support environmental responsibility and sustainability initiatives.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Information and communications technology in Urban Management

Angle optimization of home solar panels for urban energy management

H. Moghadam; J. Nouri; M. Samimi

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 405-412

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.03

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Solar panels are always installed at an angle in which receive the maximum amount of energy. Small and even 1-degree changes in the angle of the installed panel have a significant impact on the annual energy received. The objective of this study was to study the evaluation ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Solar panels are always installed at an angle in which receive the maximum amount of energy. Small and even 1-degree changes in the angle of the installed panel have a significant impact on the annual energy received. The objective of this study was to study the evaluation of change in the sun's radiant energy on the surface perpendicular to the radiation during the day.METHODS: Calculations of changes in the intensity of radiation on the surface of the panel are generally performed by assuming that the intensity of solar radiation is constant on the surface perpendicular to the radiation during the day (choosing the solar constant) and multiplying it by the cosine of the azimuth angle (which varies during the day). Since the sun's rays travel different lengths in the atmosphere at different times of the day, the intensity of the sun's radiation on the surface perpendicular to the radiation varies throughout the day. In this study, the effect of daily changes in the intensity of solar radiation on the surface perpendicular to the radiation, on the optimal angle of the solar panel has been investigated.FINDING: The results showed that the daily optimal angle difference reported in this study compared to previous studies is more than 5 degrees in some cases. Also, installing the panel under the optimal daily angle (for day number 100) and the correct yearly angle resulted in receiving 128.56 kilowatts per square meter and 2.977 megawatts per square meter more energy, respectively.CONCLUSION: According to the results of this research, the annual optimal angle for a geographic latitude of 30 degrees, taking into account the changes in solar radiation energy on the surface perpendicular to the radiation, is 26 degrees, which is 4 degrees different from the geographic latitude. Also, the results show that if the panel is installed at an angle of 30 degrees, the energy received annually is 16.122 megawatts per square meter less than if the panel is installed at an angle of 26 degrees.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban ecology and related environmental concerns

Urban management and sustainable business by entrepreneurs

K. Ravindran; A.C. Chandan; D. Sivakumar; S.B. Inayath Ahamed; T. Dhanabalan; V. Kumaresan

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 413-428

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.04

Abstract

Background and Objectives: The nation's urban sector has experienced significant changes since industrialization, both in terms of growth and improvement in terms of creating jobs and the depletion of natural resources. The development and destruction are commendable and need mention and attention. These ... Read More Background and Objectives: The nation's urban sector has experienced significant changes since industrialization, both in terms of growth and improvement in terms of creating jobs and the depletion of natural resources. The development and destruction are commendable and need mention and attention. These days, issues such as environmental degradation, the wealth gap, and unequal access to opportunities and resources are increasing. These concerns have increased the need for urban management through sustainable and planned development. The development cannot be sustained unless the depletion is controlled and taken care of. The current study focused on how urban regions have changed and how sustainable development helps cope with the changes. Furthermore, the study focused on enhancing the well-being of urban communities and promoting inclusivity to develop sustainable businesses that are economically sustainable in the long run. The novelty of the study is that explores how sustainable development can mitigate the impacts of urban change and enhance community well-being and inclusivity.Methods: Quantitative methodologies, such as surveys and statistical analyses, may have shed light on the broader impact of sustainable business practices on urban development. To complement these findings, qualitative case studies and interviews could have fostered deeper insights into specific initiatives and the perspectives of entrepreneurs navigating this landscape. A mixed-methods approach, weaving together quantitative trends with rich qualitative narratives, would have further enriched the understanding of motivations and challenges encountered. Ultimately, regardless of the specific methodologies employed, this research likely aimed to achieve a holistic understanding of the intricate connections between urban management, sustainable business practices, and the innovative spirit of entrepreneurs driving change in India. In this study, the researcher used regression analysis and factor analysis to achieve the research objectives.Findings:The entrepreneurs examined in the study exhibited a proactive stance towards critical aspects of sustainable business, notably waste management, energy efficiency, and resource optimization. The study identifies significant associations between key variables and sustainable urban development. Urban management demonstrates a positive impact (B = 1.286, SE = 0.621, Beta = 0.116, T = 2.071, P = 0.0039), highlighting its crucial role in shaping sustainable practices. Sustainable practices, in turn, exhibit a strong positive correlation (B = 1.088, SE = 0.257, Beta = 0.238, T = 4.242, P = 0.0001), indicating their pivotal role in driving urban development towards sustainability. These findings underscore the importance of integrating effective urban management strategies and sustainable practices to foster inclusive and resilient urban communities.Conclusion: The findings provide the government with all the criteria essential for a valid approach to the sustainable development of the urban regions of the country and provide the appropriate balance between growth and development. The researcher recommended that creating supportive policies and incentives, investing in green infrastructure, supporting local entrepreneurship ecosystems, collecting and sharing data, and promoting community engagement are requirements for urban management. In addition, recommended that focusing on triple bottom line impact, collaborating with other stakeholders, Innovating and adapting, communicating transparently, and advocating for change are required for Sustainable Businesses by Entrepreneurs.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Human capital in urban management

Designing a model of psychological security of knowledge workers in organizations (case study: Tehran Municipality)

S. Jafarinia; Y. Vakili; A. Hassanpoor; E. Yalveh

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 429-446

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.05

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Knowledge workers are people whose work is highlighted by the continuous and systematic development of organizational knowledge through the discovery mechanism and creation of new knowledge. The number of knowledge workers is increasing in today’s organizations, and proper ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Knowledge workers are people whose work is highlighted by the continuous and systematic development of organizational knowledge through the discovery mechanism and creation of new knowledge. The number of knowledge workers is increasing in today’s organizations, and proper conditions must be provided for their activities. Also, effective use of knowledge workers requires optimal psychological safety for them. So far, not so many studies have investigated psychological safety, especially for knowledge workers, and there is an obvious research gap in this field. Therefore, the innovation of this research is to increase knowledge about the psychological safety of knowledge workers and to create local and practical knowledge in the mentioned field.METHODS: This research aims to design a psychological safety model for knowledge workers in the Tehran Municipality. The applied-developmental purpose aspect of this research puts it in the category of mixed (method) research. In the qualitative phase, a semi-structured method of interviewing experts, and thematic analysis techniques were used to design the research model. 18 experts from Tehran Municipality were purposefully selected to participate in the interviews. The model of the research was validated by structural equation modeling and Smart PLS software in the quantitative phase. For this purpose, 110 managers and specialists of Tehran Municipality were surveyed using a questionnaire.RESULTS: The results indicated that the personal, interpersonal, occupational, managerial, organizational, and spiritual dimensions are 6 dimensions that influence the psychological safety of knowledge workers in organizations. Also, several antecedents, moderating factors, and consequences were identified, which were created based on the identified variables of the research model. Also, the coefficient of determination was calculated as 0.740 for the psychological safety variable and 0.711 for the outcomes variable, based on the results of structural equation modeling, which indicates optimal values.CONCLUSION: Ultimately, the results of the research indicated that the psychological safety of knowledge workers is a complicated, multidimensional, and a dynamic phenomenon, and achieving it requires considering several factors and components, and of course, it brings valuable results.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban architecture, design, development and planning

Building a business model of enterprise’s innovative development based on economic security as an element of urban management

V. Babenko; O. Shumilo; O. Davydova; L. Sokolova; I. Volovelska; V. Yefanov; O. Maslak

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 447-456

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.06

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social and economic processes, which create a combination of capital and intelligence, influence the development of the urbanization process. Urban areas develop together with economic growth. The main factor influencing the growth of the economy is the increase in production, ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social and economic processes, which create a combination of capital and intelligence, influence the development of the urbanization process. Urban areas develop together with economic growth. The main factor influencing the growth of the economy is the increase in production, which should be based on quality management through the implementation of a business model for the innovative development of the enterprise in the context of economic security. Thus, the purpose of the research is to define and characterize the components of the business model of an enterprise’s innovative development based on economic security and to describe the main practical aspects of its implementation.METHODS: Using general scientific and special research methods, the theoretical and categorical content was analyzed and specified, namely, the essence of urbanization, innovative activity, innovative development, and business models of the enterprise’s innovative development were revealed. The main principles contributing to the effective operation of innovative enterprises were defined.FINDINGS: It was substantiated that strategic business development provided a business model in which all business processes were identified and analyzed, and development was optimized considering correlations. The main features of the business reflected in the business model were specified. Considering that during the implementation of the innovative development strategy, the business model is aimed at managing the chain of innovative value creation, the basic background for the implementation of the business model was determined. To form a model of innovative development in the context of economic security, the aspects of adaptability of innovative development were investigated. The business model of the enterprise’s innovative development in the context of economic security was formed, and its components and their significance were determined. The main practical aspects for implementing the business model of the enterprise’s innovative development were highlighted. It was noted that in the conditions of a dynamic market environment, full of dangers and threats, 40% of the success of further implementation should be based on taking into account well-known theoretical and methodological aspects, and 60% should be the ingenuity of the personnel of the enterprise on which the business model is being formed.CONCLUSION: The business model ensures the transformation of innovative technologies into economic benefits for the company. The practical application of the proposed business model with selected components would contribute to the increase of the enterprise’s innovative potential and its development during current activity and in the future.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban architecture, design, development and planning

The quiddity of familiarity concept (taarof concept) and reasons weakening it in the contemporary Iranian city

M.M. Raeesi

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 457-472

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.07

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The concept of familiarity (taarof) is one underlying concept of an Islamic city, which has received less attention. Adherence to this concept that is adopted from Quranic teachings has a considerable influence on the neighboring or neighborhood concept. However, the evolutions ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The concept of familiarity (taarof) is one underlying concept of an Islamic city, which has received less attention. Adherence to this concept that is adopted from Quranic teachings has a considerable influence on the neighboring or neighborhood concept. However, the evolutions in the contemporary Iranian community have left this concept in serious challenges over recent decades, causing underlying developments in the concept of neighborhood. This study investigates the advent of challenges threatening the familiarity concept in terms of evolutions in the contemporary history of Iran, particularly in terms of the contemporary political economy of Iran to find how these changes and developments in the political economy have threatened and weakened the concept of familiarity in contemporary Iranian city.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is based on the library-documentary method in terms of data collection, and is based on the logical reason in terms of data analysis and judgment. Logical reasoning encompasses a wide spectrum from computer programs and formulas to cultural discourses and theses, and this study comprises the cultural discourse extreme of this spectrum.FINDINGS: According to the results of this study, some political economy developments in the contemporary history of Iran, including land reforms, municipalities income generation system, injecting the oil revenue into metropolises, and lack of adherence to principles of land-use planning have led to the advent of the concept of displacement (or relocation) and permanent population changes and migration from rural to urban areas or inside the urban areas (especially in metropolises). Subsequently, such severe population changes have resulted in a weakened concept of familiarity threatening the neighborhood concept.CONCLUSION: The most important requirement for deepening neighboring relationships and stabilizing the concept of familiarity in the contemporary Iranian city is revising macro-policies of political economy to stabilize the citizens’ settlement in the place they are living by adopting appropriate policies, so this stabilization would lead to longer neighboring relations and deepen the familiarity and familiarity between neighbors. In this case, the issue of displacement can be somewhat solved, and the social harms caused by the weak concept of familiarity can be eliminated in contemporary Iranian cities.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Information and communications technology in Urban Management

Digital marketing: consumers’ purchase intention towards e-commerce platform for urban region

A. Mohd Ali; S. Manogaran; K. Selvarajan; N.I Tajuddin; M.R Mohd Johan; U. Munikrishnan

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 473-488

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.08

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the "15 Guiding Principles" designed to achieve the 2030 aim highlights the importance of giving priority to exploration in the digital economy as a crucial element in defining the future economy. Consumers’ interest in using social media and e-commerce platforms ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the "15 Guiding Principles" designed to achieve the 2030 aim highlights the importance of giving priority to exploration in the digital economy as a crucial element in defining the future economy. Consumers’ interest in using social media and e-commerce platforms for their shopping activities is rising in this day of modern technology. However, based on a study conducted by the Small Medium Enterprise Corporation indicated that a substantial majority of Small and medium enterprise entrepreneurs, acknowledge the importance of incorporating digital technology into their fundamental business operations. Nevertheless, there is a noticeable discrepancy between the level of awareness regarding these technologies and their actual adoption. Therefore, the research objectives are to determine the relationship between perceived convenience, E-promotion, brand awareness, and personalization toward consumers’ purchase intention.METHODS: Data was collected from a wide range of individuals in urban areas using probability sampling methods. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the various factors that can impact individuals' intentions. A sample size of 385 participants from the e-commerce sector in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Therefore, stratified sampling is employed by considering pertinent characteristics such as location, age, and intention to use e-commerce. The analyses were conducted using SmartPLS software to measure the influence of digital marketing on consumers' purchase intention.FINDINGS: The variables of E-Promotion (β=6.601, p<0.05), Brand awareness (β=3.975, p<0.05), and Personalization (β=4.152, p<0.05) had a statistically significant impact on Customer Purchase Intention. Nevertheless, the variable of Perceived Convenience does not have a significant impact on Purchase Intention (β=1.646, p<0.05). Consequently, e-promotion was deemed the most influential component, followed by personalization in second place, and brand awareness in third place.CONCLUSION: The findings are expected to assist businesses in identifying the factors that influence the purchase intentions of urban consumers on an e-commerce platform. These encompass micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), which serve as the foundation of Malaysia's economic development. The process of digitalization is anticipated to enhance opportunities for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to grow and flourish. The potential of digitalization to enhance integration across economic sectors and promote cost effectiveness through a collaborative economy is evident. This aligns with the goals stated in the My Digital Economic Blueprint, which is scheduled to be implemented until 2030.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban architecture, design, development and planning

Analyzing barriers in peri-urban land development for informed policymaking

S. Sareen; M. Haque

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 489-508

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.09

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peri-urban land development is crucial to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal of equitable and sustainable urban areas. Fair land, infrastructure, and resource management improves land management services and reduces social and economic inequities. However, the peri-urban ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Peri-urban land development is crucial to achieving the UN Sustainable Development Goal of equitable and sustainable urban areas. Fair land, infrastructure, and resource management improves land management services and reduces social and economic inequities. However, the peri-urban land management system has contributed to unequal rapid urbanisation in neighbouring regions. This study examines the complex relationships between peri-urban land development barriers in India. The goal is to understand how these barriers induce unequal urbanization transcending the city, resulting in uncontrolled growth, urban sprawl, and inadequate services in peri-urban areas. The main goal is to improve decision-making and promote fair peri-urban growth in Indian cities using a multi-criteria decision-making tool. This application gives experts a new perspective on peri-urban issues.METHODOLOGY: A questionnaire-based survey was conducted from 122 planners and academicians from north Indian cities using snowball sampling techniques. The study collects expert perspectives to create a causal map, using DEMATEL ISM method, classifying these barriers as "determinants or causes," "dependent barriers," "independent barriers," and "effects," presenting a new perspective on peri-urban development complexity. that depicts these roadblocks and highlights the most significant drivers impeding peri-urban land development.FINDINGS: Findings revealed four interdependent challenges as the leading ‘causes’ on the basis of DEMATEL Weight; Imprecise spatial policies with 0.10119, undemarcated land boundaries with 0.10082, weak institutions with 0.10003, and absence of planning regulations with 0.09945 weight. Within these barriers, addressing the governance capability and spatial policies would have a beneficial cascading effect on catering to other challenges. Findings have valuable insights for policymakers, aiding in the formulation and prioritization of effective policies and resource allocation.CONCLUSION: This study extensive analysis of causal linkages among Indian city peri-urban land development challenges. Beyond identifying barriers, it explains their causes, interdependencies, and hierarchical links. This study's holistic approach to peri-urban development issues and inventive barrier categorization and prioritisation make it distinctive.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban ecology and related environmental concerns

Investigating the impact of process parameters on waste tire pyrolysis and characterizing the resultant chars and oils

A. Pazoki; R. Ghasemzadeh; M. Barikani; M. Pazoki

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 509-520

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.10

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The escalating global population, coupled with increased transportation needs and car production, has led to a surge in waste tire generation, reaching billions annually. Recognizing the environmental impact, there's a growing focus on utilizing waste tires as secondary raw ... Read More

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban architecture, design, development and planning

Dynamics of urban growth in mid-sized cities using census data

V. Chettry

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 521-536

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.11

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Currently, 56% of the global population, reside in cities, and this urbanization trend is predicted to result in a more than doubling of the urban population by 2050. Similarly, mid-sized Indian cities have exhibited rapid urban growth in recent decades. However, a holistic ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Currently, 56% of the global population, reside in cities, and this urbanization trend is predicted to result in a more than doubling of the urban population by 2050. Similarly, mid-sized Indian cities have exhibited rapid urban growth in recent decades. However, a holistic study focusing on the temporal dynamics of urban growth in all the mid-sized Indian cities is lacking. Therefore, this study aims to investigate the urban growth pattern across eighty-eight mid-sized Indian cities with the help of Census data from 1971-2011.METHODS: This research, utilizing a quantitative approach, investigates the relationship between economic growth and urban expansion in selected cities. The cities are categorized based on the Gross State Domestic Product of respective states, and the study evaluates changes in municipal areas and demographic growth patterns through the decadal urban expansion rate and decadal population growth rate. The urban growth character is further analyzed by dividing the population growth rate by the decadal urban expansion rate, with a value less than 1 indicating inefficient land utilization. This comprehensive methodology aims to provide insights into the dynamics of urban growth and its correlation with economic development.FINDINGS: The results revealed that inefficient land utilization for urban growth during 1971-2011 had occurred in thirteen cities from the states with higher Gross State Domestic Product and three cities among the states with lower Gross State Domestic Product. Overall, the mid-sized Indian cities, such as Ajmer (0.65), Solapur (0.67), Asansol (0.79), Mangalore (0.83), Jhansi (0.84), Nellore (0.85), Belgaum (0.86), Thrissur (0.86), and Bareilly (0.89) exhibited the lowest PU values during 1971-2011.The major drivers for urban growth in mid-sized Indian cities are government policies and schemes, industrial growth, rise in Gross State Domestic Product, climatic conditions and terrains, social profile, transportation, and infrastructure. CONCLUSION: Overall, there has been inefficient land utilization in several cities, particularly those from states with varying levels of Gross State Domestic Product. Noteworthy cities like Ajmer, Solapur, and Belgaum consistently demonstrated efficient land utilization, reflected in their lower Population-to-Urban Expansion (PU) values. The study emphasizes the intricate influences shaping urban growth, encompassing government policies, industrial development, economic factors, climate, social dynamics, and infrastructure. Future research endeavors could further delve into the specific impact of these factors on urban expansion, employing longitudinal analyses, and explore the socio-economic ramifications of efficient or inefficient land utilization, contributing to more informed urban planning and policy formulation.

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Human capital in urban management

Applying Six Sigma methodology to improve performance in organizations

K. Fahimi; M. Amirabadi

Volume 9, Issue 3 , July 2024, Pages 537-552

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2024.03.12

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The six sigma is a common methodology that has applied successfully in many organizations leading to sustainable performance improvements in products and services. However, the applied methodologies have not pay attention to Multi Criteria Decision Making models, clustering ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The six sigma is a common methodology that has applied successfully in many organizations leading to sustainable performance improvements in products and services. However, the applied methodologies have not pay attention to Multi Criteria Decision Making models, clustering algorithm and Balance scorecard model. The purpose of this model is to apply the six-sigma methodology in Tehran Municipality and show how the Balance scorecard model, clustering algorithm, Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution can be applied in the methodology.METHODS: Define, Measure, Analysis, Improvement and Control as a common methodology of six sigma is applied in Tehran Municipality. Several unique elements that are exist in Tehran Municipality are identified and categorized based on the Balance scorecard model into indexes, goals and perspectives. Also, Analytic Hierarchy Process for weight extraction and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution for ranking are applied. The improvement strategies are created based on the six sigma tolerances.FINDINGS: The findings show that the methodology can be elevated by Balance scorecard, Analytic Hierarchy Process and Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution. This formulation is done and applied in Tehran Municipality and can be used in other organizations for conducting improvement strategies. Based on the arbitrary data, the best district of Tehran city is district 9 by 89.75% and the worst is district 18 by 10.12% score. Also, Wards and K-mean clustering algorithms and six sigma control limits are used to cluster the districts into superior, somehow superior, moderate, somehow inferior and inferior clusters based on their performance. CONCLUSION: This manuscript helps to understand the way of integration the methodology, Balance scorecard, Analytic Hierarchy Process, Technique for Order of Preference by Similarity to Ideal Solution and six sigma tolerances for sustainable improvement of Tehran Municipality. The proposed formulation can be used in any organization to reach to sustainable improvement.

Urban architecture, design, development and planning

Evaluation of psychological factors affecting the decision of citizens to purchase renovated buildings with emphasis on maintaining urban environment

H. Rahimi Jafari; A. Faez; Y. Vakil Alroaia; M. D. Hosamane

Volume 8, Issue 1 , January 2023, , Pages 69-82

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2023.01.06

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: During the past decades, architects have faced serious challenges in renovating buildings. Renovated buildings require activities that, besides energy savings and less damages to the environment, could have psychologically positive effects on customers. Renovation plays an ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: During the past decades, architects have faced serious challenges in renovating buildings. Renovated buildings require activities that, besides energy savings and less damages to the environment, could have psychologically positive effects on customers. Renovation plays an important role in the development of the city of Tehran so that it can bring environmental, economic and social benefits and preserve the originality of the urban environment of this metropolis. Therefore, the purpose of this study was Evaluation of psychological factors affecting the decision of citizens to purchase renovated buildings with emphasis on maintaining urban environment.METHODS: The present study used a mixed approach to achieve a general model to investigate the effects of such factors on customers’ decision to buy renovated buildings. To validate the model, the qualitative approach was based on the Grounded Theory, and the quantitative approach used Structural Equation Modeling. In the qualitative analysis to identify the influential factors, the interview data were analyzed with ATLAS.Ti8 software version 8.0 by using the Grounded Theory coding method according to Strauss and Corbin’s approach. Finally, the effects of psychological factors on the consumer decision to buy renovated buildings were identified.FINDINGS: Perception index with two components of personality (factor loading 0.60) and experience (factor loading 0.69), learning index with two components of capacity change and behavior change with factor loading 0.56, attitude index with two components of self-esteem (0. 70) and excitement (0.76) and in the motivation index of the external motivation component (0.58) were confirmed in the final model. The indicators of needs and desires (0.31), change of status (0.42), identity (0. 32) and intrinsic motivation (0.49) were rejected and removed from the final model.CONCLUSION: The findings showed that in order to maintain the authenticity of the urban environment as well as the satisfaction of citizens, the managers of architectural companies and senior officials of urban planning can use the investigated methods to make better decisions and encourage citizens to buy renovated buildings.

Human capital in urban management

Human resource lens: perceived performances of ISO 9001:2015 certified service firms

A.R. Santos

Volume 8, Issue 2 , April 2023, , Pages 229-244

https://doi.org/10.22034/IJHCUM.2023.02.06

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the key indicators in the evaluation of service quality is the execution of a Quality Management System (ISO 9001:2015) and the success of any organization lies in its ability to effectively manage its resources. Human resources play an integral role in this process, ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the key indicators in the evaluation of service quality is the execution of a Quality Management System (ISO 9001:2015) and the success of any organization lies in its ability to effectively manage its resources. Human resources play an integral role in this process, and their contribution to quality management systems is invaluable. This study described the profile of the respondents in terms of age, sex, working experience, employee position, and sector of an organization. This study also assessed respondents' attitudes toward hiring and selection, compensation and rewards, and training and development. Additionally, this study tried to establish a strong correlation between the respondent profile and their attitudes regarding education and training, recruitment and selection, and compensation and rewards.METHODS: This study used a descriptive quantitative method. A total of 150 employees of the ISO 9001:2015 certified service sector within the Cities in Nueva Ecija were surveyed using a survey questionnaire.FINDINGS: Findings present 40% of the respondents came from Generation Y and 26.67 respondents from Generation Z. The respondents' attitudes toward the training and development practices of various service firms found that the highest mean of 3.52 representing a distinct plan for learning and development and encouraging employees to participate in relevant training programs got the second-highest weighted mean of 3.47. Having a criterion to measure the effectiveness of the training got the lowest weighted mean of 3.09. This study also determines the attitude of the employees on recruitment and selection practices of their respective organizations. Filling up vacancies with internally qualified employees got the highest weighted mean of 3.32 followed by informing the applicants about the job conditions needed to achieve a job before hiring, Furthermore, the posting of job advertisements got a weighted mean of 2.19. Lastly, the respondents' attitude toward rewards and compensation practices showed the highest score of 3.59 that Employees are encouraged to accomplish the company's goals by their compensation packages. Other rewards and compensation practices include satisfactory rewards and compensation system, salary satisfaction, rewarding employee collaboration, and reviewing salary increments, bonuses, and other allowances fairly and justifiably with a weighted mean of 3.37, 3.32, 2.85, and 2.77, respectively.CONCLUSION: The results show that specific practices of Human Resource Management, which have been identified, are crucial to improving organizational performance since they contribute to the success of businesses.

Urban architecture, design, development and planning

How traditional symbols can be used as inspiration source in shaping the urban architecture?

M. Khakzand; S. Babaei

Volume 1, Issue 2 , April 2016, , Pages 73-82

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijhcum.2016.01.02.001

Abstract

This paper explores the developing of how designers can search for inspiration source which provided in the form of traditional elements and archetypes and also their role on idea generation in design from building to urban measure. In order to clarify of this, current study focuses on the Far-East region ... Read More

Human capital in urban management

Injustice perceptions and employees misbehavior in a public organization: Exploration the mediating role of employee's cynicism to organization

H. Danaeefard; H.R. Boustani

Volume 1, Issue 1 , January 2016, , Pages 9-18

https://doi.org/10.7508/ijhcum.2016.01.002

Abstract

The purpose of the present research was to investigate the relationships between justice perceptions, employee's misbehavior and cynicism to organization because very few studies have looked at the role of justice and cynicism in the prediction of employee's misbehavior in public organizations. According ... Read More

Urban architecture, design, development and planning

Ecosystem Biomimicry: A way to achieve thermal comfort in architecture

H. Abaeian; R. Madani; A. Bahramian

Volume 1, Issue 4 , October 2016, , Pages 267-278

https://doi.org/10.22034/ijhcum.2016.04.004

Abstract

The strategies to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energies in buildings are becoming increasingly important. In the meantime, nature-inspired approaches have emerged as a new strategy to achieve thermal comfort in the interiors. However, the use of these approaches in architecture and buildings ... Read More

ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban architecture, design, development and planning

Analyzing the impact of equitable urban service distribution on citizen mobility: a spatial justice perspective

M. Razmaramina; M. Nazarabadian; A.A. Pilehvar

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 24 April 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Achieving spatial-place justice in the distribution of urban services is a significant goal for urban planners. It involves ensuring fair and equitable access to resources and services in a physical space so that all individuals can benefit equally from the facilities and opportunities ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Achieving spatial-place justice in the distribution of urban services is a significant goal for urban planners. It involves ensuring fair and equitable access to resources and services in a physical space so that all individuals can benefit equally from the facilities and opportunities provided in that space. The unfair distribution of urban services has curtailed the presence of pedestrians and limited the daily mobility of citizens, making cities low-mobility environments. To address this issue, urban managers can identify local community issues, create equal opportunities, and promote public participation. By doing so, they can achieve spatial equity in local communities and provide opportunities for equality and justice. This research aims to investigate the relationship between the fair spatial-place distribution of urban services and the mobility of citizens in the Navid and Ab o Bargh areas of Mashhad.METHODS: This study utilizes a descriptive-analytical approach to investigate spatial justice. Data was collected using the spatial justice questionnaire based on the Likert scale and the International Physical Activity Questionnaire. Researchers assessed the questionnaire's reliability using Cronbach's alpha test and its validity using the content validity coefficient of the item formula. The researchers employed several statistical methods to explore the relationship and correlation between the components of spatial justice and mobility, prioritized the indicators of spatial justice by neighborhoods, and compared the prioritization of the components of spatial justice affecting mobility.FINDINGS: The results revealed a significant relationship between access to urban services and the mobility of citizens in the studied areas. As such, the positive correlation in the Ab o Bargh area was confirmed for all indicators (functional index (0.466), environmental indicator, (0.384) index aesthetic indicator (0.145). The results suggested a direct relationship between the balanced spatial distribution of urban services and enhanced mobility of citizens in the study area.CONCLUSION: Research results show a direct relationship between spatial justice and citizen mobility in the city. Spatial justice means the fair distribution of facilities and services between different urban areas and equal access to them by citizens. As a result, citizen mobility in the city is influenced by spatial justice. In other words, Inappropriate distribution of services in the city can cause social differences among citizens. The difference between privileged and underprivileged neighborhoods is in the amount of benefit from urban services. By improving the quality of research indicators in the form of policies and urban planning interventions in all neighborhoods, spatial justice can be realized.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Human capital in urban management

Strengthening human resource management system with digital practices, transformation, and task interdependence

H.R. Nematollahi; H. Mohammadi; A. Gholipour; N. Mohammad Esmaeili

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 April 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Given the new cost pressures, hybrid work models, and evolving needs of employees and customers, organizations are increasingly realizing the importance of digital workforce management practices and digital transformation in achieving success. This is especially critical ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Given the new cost pressures, hybrid work models, and evolving needs of employees and customers, organizations are increasingly realizing the importance of digital workforce management practices and digital transformation in achieving success. This is especially critical for government organizations, including local governments, as digitalisation plays a crucial role in streamlining human resource activities, reducing costs, improving data management, and strengthening human resource management systems. As local governments strive to become more agile and adapt to changing needs and expectations, digitalization enables them to respond quickly and foster innovation. Therefore, the objective of this study is to examine the impact of digital human resource management practices and digital transformation on the strength of the human resource management system, with a specific focus on the mediating role of digital task interdependence within the Tehran municipality.METHODS: The survey data was collected from 266 employees of the Tehran municipality using a simple random sampling technique. The collected data was then subjected to statistical analysis. University professors and local government experts confirmed the content validity of the survey instrument. To evaluate the reliability and validity of the questionnaire, this study utilized average variance extracted, Cronbach's alpha, and composite reliability, all of which produced satisfactory outcomes. The data analysis was carried out using Analysis of Moment Structures, and SPSS26 software.FINDINGS: The study emphasizes the importance of implementing digital human resources management practices and digital transformation to strengthen the human resource management system in Tehran municipality. This enables human resource processes to be faster, smarter, and more efficient. Additionally, the successful integration of both old and new human resource systems, along with the effective implementation of digitalization in Tehran municipality, relies on coordination and collaboration among employees through digital platforms.CONCLUSION: The present study demonstrates that the implementation of digital human resource management practices and the process of digital transformation can effectively enhance human resource management systems and align the activities of human resources with strategic objectives. By embracing digital transformation and adopting digital human resource management practices, organizations can elevate the significance of human resource management and effectively communicate their intentions to employees. Furthermore, the analysis reveals that digital task interdependence fosters collaboration and coordination among geographically dispersed employees, reducing communication costs and improving access to diverse knowledge sources. Consequently, this enhances the efficiency of municipal operations and decreases response times.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban civil engineering and related management issues

Hydrogen wear of metal friction elements of vehicle brakes for urban infrastructure facilities

N. Fidrovska; S. Dotsenko; S. Nikipchuk; M. Ostashuk; Viktoriya Nesterenko; Pavlo Yefimenko

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In urban conditions, traffic flows are equipped with various types of braking devices operating in an aperiodic cyclic braking mode with a high surface-volume temperature of their friction pairs. Theoretical and experimental studies of hydrogen wear of movable and stationary ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In urban conditions, traffic flows are equipped with various types of braking devices operating in an aperiodic cyclic braking mode with a high surface-volume temperature of their friction pairs. Theoretical and experimental studies of hydrogen wear of movable and stationary joints at variable electrical surface-volume temperatures and equivalent stresses caused by pulsed specific loads, contributing to the emergence of gradients, made it possible to establish the following: positive and negative values of the heat of transfer correspond to forces directed, towards more cold or warmer parts of the product. Hydrogen moves in the metal friction element to its more heated section. Due to the mutual mass transfer of materials of friction pairs, the sign of their polarity changes, and negatively charged external hydrogen enhances the negative electronic field of the metal friction element, and as a result, leads to intensive wear of pairs of friction elements of the brakes. The purpose of the article is to assess the electron-ion interaction during hydrogen wear on the working surfaces of metal friction elements of friction pairs of brake devices.Methods: The data was obtained on a model disc, drum, and band-shoe brake and processed using a computer program package. As a result, graphical dependences of the main parameters of the brakes on the duration of hydrogenation were obtained.FINDINGS: The research results have shown that the described main stages of hydrogen wear and destruction of a metal friction element during electrothermal-mechanical friction, as well as the influence of dislocation and double electrical layers in brake friction pairs, will be able to justify the choice of ways and methods to suppress hydrogenation and prevent the destruction of surfaces and, as a result, reduce hydrogen wear by 15% and improve the performance parameters of brake pairs by 10%.CONCLUSION: This study examined the factors affecting the wear of metal brake friction elements of urban infrastructure vehicles. Empirical results have shown that positive and negative heat transfer values correspond to forces directed, towards colder or warmer parts of the product. These results can provide important information to factory designers for more efficient development of friction pairs of friction units and researchers for further research and improvement of brake performance.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Human capital in urban management

A study on the position of workplace identity of employees

S. Faisal

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 01 May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Multiple organizational concepts are paramount in the workplace. Workplace Identity is one among them. It is a multidimensional concept that explores one's self-concept and understanding of their occupational roles. It is a concept of immense significance that directly impacts ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Multiple organizational concepts are paramount in the workplace. Workplace Identity is one among them. It is a multidimensional concept that explores one's self-concept and understanding of their occupational roles. It is a concept of immense significance that directly impacts various organizational behavior aspects, such as job involvement, employee commitment, workplace learning, and stress management. The concept is indispensable for any individual as it helps tide over the pervasive uncertainties and tribulations in any organization. The Saudi economy is in a deep transition phase. It is all set to leap forward in terms of quality and quantity. Against this backdrop, if it is to face the multiple inherent challenges successfully, it requires a healthy band of the working class who are aware of and have a relatively high level of workplace identity. However, a fair review of the literature shows that scant evidence exists about the position of Workplace identity among the Saudi working class. The proposed study intends to fill this gap in the literature. The study intends to identify the level of the important concept of Workplace identity among the Saudi workforce- both male and female. It also intends to examine the relationship with human capital.METHODS: A quantitative research design was employed for the study. Data for the study was collected randomly from Saudi Arabia and India. 210 samples were from Saudi Arabia, and 248 were from India. Regression was employed to analyze the collected data using SPSS (version 22.0).FINDINGS: The study found that human capital contributes to workplace identity as the value of the F statistic was 15.978 which is significant. In addition, the results show that females have a higher workplace identity. The results also indicate significant differences (0.01 level) between the Indian and Saudi samples in all the factors and the overall workplace identity.CONCLUSION: The study provides inputs toward future directions in making the Saudi workforce competitive and dynamic. The study's findings, which are useful for academics and practitioners, are also expected to trigger further studies in this hitherto unexplored area of organizational behavior.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Human capital in urban management

Unveiling the shadows: investigating the substance use among street children

D. V. Ogunkan; A. T. Adeboyejo; D. O. Adejumobi; T. B. Giwa

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Street children are a global phenomenon affecting urban areas with varying degrees of severity. These vulnerable children face significant challenges, including the lack of basic rights, educational opportunities, and social integration. Substance use compounds their difficulties, ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Street children are a global phenomenon affecting urban areas with varying degrees of severity. These vulnerable children face significant challenges, including the lack of basic rights, educational opportunities, and social integration. Substance use compounds their difficulties, often serving as a coping mechanism in their harsh environment. While existing research has predominantly focused on substance use among street children in Asia and Latin America, there is a notable gap in understanding within the African context, particularly in Nigeria. This study aims to address this gap by investigating substance usage patterns among street children in Nigeria. The objective is to inform the development of targeted interventions and policies to support street children better and address the underlying causes of substance use in their communities.METHODS: Accidental sampling was utilized to recruit 384 street children from nine Data Delineated Areas in three selected cities. Data collection involved the administration of interviewer-administered questionnaires, which gathered information on socio-economic characteristics, substance knowledge, and usage among street children. The collected data underwent analysis using frequency counts, chi-square tests, and binomial logistic regression.FINDINGS: The study found that the predominant substances used by street children were alcohol (60%), nicotine (40%), and cannabis (35%). Although addiction evidence was limited, the prevalence of multiple drug and substance use was notable. The binomial logistic regression results indicated that certain demographic and situational factors were associated with a decreased likelihood of drug use among street children. Specifically, children aged 4 to 10 years (90%, P = 0.000), females (80%, P = 0.000), school attendees (70%, P = 0.000), those spending fewer than 8 hours on the street (60%, P = 0.000), those sleeping at home (70%, P = 0.000), and those from relatively stable families (60%, P = 0.0001) were less likely to engage in drug use.CONCLUSION: The study underscores the importance of adopting a holistic approach to address substance use among street children. By aligning urban and regional planning with general recommendations, policymakers can address the interconnected social, economic, physical planning, and educational factors contributing to substance use. Through targeted interventions and policies, stakeholders can provide effective support to street children and mitigate substance use within their communities, ultimately improving their well-being and prospects for the future.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban architecture, design, development and planning

Exploring the role of place attachment in shaping urban development meanings in peripheral settlements

F. Nazaruddin; P. Setijanti; A. Hayati

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 04 May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the intricate connections that exist between place attachment, urban development meanings, and acceptance in urban peripheral settlements. The research aims to gain a better understanding of how people perceive and respond to urban development scenarios ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study investigates the intricate connections that exist between place attachment, urban development meanings, and acceptance in urban peripheral settlements. The research aims to gain a better understanding of how people perceive and respond to urban development scenarios in the periphery using the tripartite frameworks of place attachment and the disruption-response model.METHODS: Utilizing a mixed-methods approach, this study examines people's perceptions and reactions to four hypothetical urban development scenarios by combining qualitative interviews with key participants and then quantitative surveys administered to 256 adult residents of selected peripheral settlements in the rapidly developing city of Malang, Indonesia.FINDINGS: The findings from the qualitative phase, reveal diverse dimensions shaping the meaning of urban development, encompassing economic, social, cultural, livelihood, and environmental impacts. The survey results' exploratory factor analysis reveals latent factors that capture diverse perspectives on development scenarios, from societal and environmental harm to economic modernization and advancement. The structural equation model reveals that place attachment emerges as a significant predictor of urban development scenario meanings, although the relationship varies across different scenarios. Furthermore, the level of acceptance of urban development scenarios mediates the relationship between place attachment and interpretations, influencing perceptions of economic, social, and environmental impacts. Subsequently, the implications of these findings for existing literature were discussed.CONCLUSION: This study fills a gap in the disruption-response model by illuminating the interpretation process and showcasing the interplay of place attachment, urban development meanings, and acceptance in peripheral city settlements. Limitations of the study were discussed, and future studies were proposed.

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REVIEW PAPER Human capital in urban management

Islamic leadership: Bibliometric analysis of global research using VOSviewer

U. Udin

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 09 May 2024

Abstract

This study aims to analyze the structure of growing publications on Islamic leadership and its contribution to organizational effectiveness and long-term success using bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer. The sample population comprised all publications of the Scopus database from 2010 to 2023. In addition, ... Read More

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Human capital in urban management

The mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between wages, appreciation, recognition, and promotion on employee performance

D. Kumar; H. l. Vasudevan

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 11 May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The manufacturing industry is the foundation of the Malaysian economy. The manufacturing industry in Malaysia is diverse, but it has consistently demonstrated superiority in several industries, including semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, oil and gas, and ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The manufacturing industry is the foundation of the Malaysian economy. The manufacturing industry in Malaysia is diverse, but it has consistently demonstrated superiority in several industries, including semiconductors, pharmaceuticals, medical technology, oil and gas, and the processing and management of palm oil and rubber. Businesses may find themselves in a very hazardous situation if their employees are dissatisfied. Improving employee performance can help an organization increase its production volume and productivity. A lack of worker satisfaction can lead to disinterest and an inability to achieve specific goals. When new employees notice a pay disparity, dissatisfaction, disengagement, and disloyalty arise. It happens when workers believe they are being mistreated or unfairly treated. Businesses must prioritize the well-being of their employees because it is more important to retain them than to let them go. To remain competitive, the organization must keep qualified or competent staff motivated. The study aims to determine the mediating effect of job satisfaction in the relationship between wages, appreciation, recognition, and promotion on employee performance among employees at a multinational semiconductor company in Melaka. METHODS: For this investigation, the quantitative method was used to analyze information using partial least squares structural equation modeling. This study's sample size is 137, based on the partial least squares structural equation modeling sample size recommendation for an 80% statistical power. Employees of multinational semiconductor companies in Melaka received 142 questionnaires. The partial least squares structural equation modeling sample size table determines the sample size in this study, which combines convenience and nonprobability sampling. The relationship between the variables is determined through hypothesis testing. partial least squares structural equation modeling was used to analyze the data.FINDINGS: As a result, all eleven hypotheses were evaluated based on the variables - wages, appreciation, recognition, promotion, and job satisfaction have a positive and significant relationship with employee performance. The hypotheses have been accepted with a p-value ranging from 0.005 to 0.048. For direct relationship, the hypothesis from 1-7, there is a positive correlation (t = 2.993 to t=4.521, p ≤ 0.005) between wages, appreciation, recognition, promotion, job satisfaction, and employee performance. Therefore, hypotheses 8-11 show an indirect relationship (mediating effect) that positive correlation with a significant p-value of 0.010 to 0.048 between an independent variable (wages, appreciation, recognition, and promotion), mediating variable (job satisfaction), and dependent variable (employee performance).CONCLUSION: The study provides empirical evidence and conceptual proof that the establishment of policy recommendations derived from the findings should consider Malaysian legal regulations. The management by objectives policy was implemented to improve organizational performance by establishing well-defined goals that management and employees can agree on. The management by objectives approach is a technique for inspiring workers through constructive management techniques because the management objectives approach can increase communication between management and employees. As a result, the management strategy contributes to improving employees' wages, appreciation, recognition, promotion, job satisfaction, and performance.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Human capital in urban management

Sustainable development of united territorial communities during the conflict: turning challenges into opportunities

V. Shcherbak; M. Lyshenko; S. Tereshchenko; V. Yefanov; K. Vzhytynska; V. Yatsenko; A. Pietukhov

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the context of global challenges and local conflicts, the sustainable development of united territorial communities took on special importance. Amid military conflict, united territorial communities encountered numerous economic, social, and environmental problems. This ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the context of global challenges and local conflicts, the sustainable development of united territorial communities took on special importance. Amid military conflict, united territorial communities encountered numerous economic, social, and environmental problems. This research builds on resilience and sustainable development theories and proposes that with appropriate support, united territorial communities can evolve into hubs of innovation and entrepreneurship even under conditions of conflict. The study necessitated the creation of strategies and programs for sustainable development and adaptation to new conditions, positing that united territorial communities, with proper development and support, could harness these challenges to foster significant entrepreneurial and innovative activities. The study’s objective was to analyze the potential of united territorial communities for innovation and sustainable development in conflict conditions and to develop recommendations for supporting entrepreneurship and infrastructure development.METHODS: To achieve the objective, a variety of methods were utilized, including multi-regression, multifactor, correlational, and comparative analysis. All analyses were carried out using STATISTICA software (version 13).FINDINGS: The research results confirmed the hypotheses, indicating the significant potential of united territorial communities for initiating innovative projects and developing entrepreneurial initiatives. Specifically, it was discovered that the level of institutional capability and sustainable development could increase by 43.7% with the integration of effective support programs. Crucial elements impacting sustainability were pinpointed, with investments in environmental projects showing an 85% variance, socio-demographic stability exhibiting a 92.8% variance, and the development and implementation of programs for small and medium-sized business development reflecting a 92.9% variance. This demonstrated the potential for enhancing the budget efficiency of territorial communities by up to 56.4%, representing a substantial incentive for recovery and progress in the post-conflict period.CONCLUSION: Recommendations included developing targeted programs to support innovations in the agricultural sector, tourism, and eco-initiatives, which could catalyze attracting investments and improve the quality of life in territorial communities. The importance of integrating modern technologies, supporting local entrepreneurship, and developing infrastructure were key elements for the sustainable development of united territorial communities in conflict conditions. The developed recommendations could facilitate the formation of effective development strategies for territorial communities.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Human capital in urban management

The influence of managerial coaching on employee expertise: promoting work motivation as a mediator

N. I. Mohamad; S. Sanusi; A. S. Othman

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 18 May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The current organizational environment, extreme competition, and rapid change in the working environment have increased the motivation of researchers to identify important variables that can help organizations to be competitive to overcome these challenges. Therefore, this ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The current organizational environment, extreme competition, and rapid change in the working environment have increased the motivation of researchers to identify important variables that can help organizations to be competitive to overcome these challenges. Therefore, this article examines how immediate superiors use different managerial coaching, namely guidance coaching and facilitate coaching, to regulate the practice and behavior of employees. In addition, this study examines workplace motivation medium as the mediator of the relationship between managerial coaching and employees’ expertise.METHODS: The cross-sectional research design was employed to collect data from 500 employees across various policy-making agencies in Malaysia. The sample size was determined using the Raosoft formula, and 473 employees were selected using this technique. SmartPLS software was used to evaluate the measurement and structural models. This software is capable of analyzing complex study models.FINDINGS: The results of mediating structural equation modeling show two findings. First, guidance indirectly relates to employees' expertise, mediated by workplace motivation (β=0.169; t=4.683; p=0.000). Second, facilitation coaching is indirectly associated with employees' expertise, mediated by workplace motivation (β=0.167; t=3.926; p=0.000). This finding reports that a leader's ability to demonstrate managerial coaching (e.g., guidance and facilitation coaching) can enhance an employee's expertise. Consequently, this positive situation can increase employees' expertise, including practicing good attitudes, adapting to tasks, and understanding the organization's objectives and tasks, within the studied organization.CONCLUSION: The findings have recognized that facilitating coaching is a crucial managerial problem organizations must solve. Therefore, for practical contribution, organizations should establish an effective selection system based on coaching instruments to recruit leaders who already have coaching ability externally and promote potential employees as coaches internally. Other than that, organizations can provide or support formal training and education programs to help leaders become effective coaches in the future.

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CASE STUDY Urban ecology and related environmental concerns

Analysis of the 2023 flood scenario for urban disaster management from a strategic management perspective

R. Thirumurugan; S. Kundhavai; D. Sivakumar; S.B. Inayath Ahamed

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 28 May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Analyzing the flood scenario can help identify opportunities and difficulties for enhancing urban catastrophe management procedures and creating more resilient cities facing environmental threats like climate change. The primary goals of the case study were to summarize the ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Analyzing the flood scenario can help identify opportunities and difficulties for enhancing urban catastrophe management procedures and creating more resilient cities facing environmental threats like climate change. The primary goals of the case study were to summarize the key elements of the flood incidents in India between 2000 and 2016 and discuss the 2023 flood scenario in Chennai. This study also suggested technological interventions to ensure preparedness innovatively and recommended a strategic plan to address the issue that would evolve the involvement of all stakeholders in disaster management. METHODS: A flood disaster analysis was based on meta-analytic and visualization methods. The factors contributing to effective mitigation for such unexpected and unforeseen happenings were considered for elaborate discussion and highlighted in this study. The urban development initiatives and their impact, especially during flood occurrences, were kept for discussion and analysis. The methodology is more qualitative, with references as the basis of analysis and further discussion. The meta-analytic approach ensures to cover all the frames of references that are notable from the perspective of contributing to urban development since urban areas contribute a lot to a nation’s economic growth and other developmental aspects.FINDINGS: The meta-analytic review of the case study contributes to the overall 75 percent of the cases by focusing on governance-level initiatives, precautionary measures, and post-situational steps that were taken to mitigate the issue in a congenial manner. This study identified the consequences and factors that contributed to such occurrences, primarily due to certain factors relevant to urbanization and encroachment effects, as well as other contributing factors that were found common in all occurrences. A framework or model used in this study for urban recovery was also formulated by the authors of this study.CONCLUSION: These findings enable those strategic decision-makers to support the facts of such occurrences (especially in suburbs or urban areas) or any other incidents of disaster or crisis with crucial information that would pave the way for effective management of incidences and also help in framing policies with developmental perspectives in place while planning to convert suburbs to urban development shortly. The finding of the study supports the gap in overall studies based on flood occurrences and suitable remedies as well.

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ORIGINAL RESEARCH ARTICLE Urban transportation systems and traffic management

Gridlock gloom: A geographical analysis of commuters' perceptions on traffic congestion

A. Mukherjee; A. K.M. Anwaruzzaman

Articles in Press, Accepted Manuscript, Available Online from 31 May 2024

Abstract

BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the most challenging aspects of city living is traffic congestion. The multitude of vehicular modes and their sheer volume coupled with inadequate road infrastructure unable to keep up with the escalated travel demand of Kolkata is a major cause of concern. Recognizing ... Read More BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the most challenging aspects of city living is traffic congestion. The multitude of vehicular modes and their sheer volume coupled with inadequate road infrastructure unable to keep up with the escalated travel demand of Kolkata is a major cause of concern. Recognizing the significant toll on commuters' time and health, the research aims to identify the root causes of congestion across fifteen selected Traffic Intersection Points, explore its multifaceted impacts on the environment, economy, and society, and propose solutions to alleviate this pressing issue effectively.METHODS: This study employed a mixed-method approach. An on-site survey with 375 regular commuters in Kolkata was conducted, utilizing questionnaires and focus group discussions. The survey gathered data on travel patterns, socio-demographic information, and perceptions of traffic congestion. The Garrett Ranking method and Relative Importance Index (RII) were employed to evaluate the significance of various contributing factors, their impact on commuters, and potential solutions. Statistical analysis using Microsoft Excel and SPSS 26 complemented the data analysis, with cartographic visualizations providing spatial insights. Additionally, the Wilcoxon Signed-Rank Test validated the differences in travel times during congested and free-flowing traffic conditions.FINDINGS: The results revealed that the commuters’ average daily travel delay owing to congestion is approximately 17 minutes. Utilizing Garrett score ratings, the most significant obstacles to smooth traffic flow were identified as intersectional conflicts (66.19) and curbside parking (64.75).Following the same methodology, increased reliance on personalized vehicles (69.87) and encroached road space (64.3) were attributed to rush hour saturation, whereas political rallies (71.36) and demonstrations (59.74) contributed to unprecedented incidents. Work schedule disruptions and hearing anomalies were the most common offshoots of this hazard. Relative Importance Index (RII) scores highlighted the consensus among commuters emphasizing the economic, environmental, and social impact of congestion, with particular emphasis on enhanced fuel consumption (RII=1), decreased economic opportunities (RII=0.96), worsened pollution levels (RII=0.91), and reduced family time (RII=0.93). Congestion pricing (RII=0.88) and ride-sharing (RII=0.87) emerged as themost viable strategies to mitigate congestion. Furthermore, Garrett ratings indicated training of drivers (63.74) and road users (61.03) along with parking management (63.51) to be the most desired areas of improvisation suggested.CONCLUSION: Implementing the ‘Avoid, Shift, Improve’ framework in conjunction with a 'people-first' mentality would encourage sustainable urban living by placing a premium on public transport, land use planning, and technological improvements to reduce traffic congestion and enhance commuter well-being in Kolkata.

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Journal Metrics https://www.ijhcum.net/journal/metrics
Journal Date Created	2016
Scopus h-index	5
Scopus Total Citations	194
CiteScore 2022	0.5
CiteScore Tracker 2023	0.9
Google Total Citations	1049
Google h-index	17
Google i10 index	30
h5-index	9
Google h5-median	15
Issues per year	4
Volumes published	9
Issues published	34
Submission numbers	828
Articles published	324
Indexing databases	38
Acceptance rate	39%

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