Tehran Urban Research & Planning Center: Tehran Municipality International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management 2476-4698 4 3 2019 07 01 The role of passive defense in urban crisis management from urban managers’ perspective 205 212 36182 10.22034/IJHCUM.2019.03.05 EN S. Najafnezhad Asl Department of Management and Economics, Science and Research Branch, Islamic Azad University, Tehran, Iran Y. Mohammadi Moghadam Department of Management, Amin Police University, Tehran, Iran S.M. Poormoosavi Imam Sajjad Research Center, Imam Hossein University, Tehran, Iran Journal Article 2019 02 25 The main objective of this research is to determine the role of passive defense in urban crisis management from the perspectives of experts and urban managers Municipality of Tehran- District, 5. In order to carry out the study, an analytical-applied research method and a combination of documentary, descriptive, analytical and case study methods are used. All managers and experts of Tehran’s municipality in the District (n=950) at all divisions and departments constitute the population of this study. 274 samples are selected using simple random sampling method. A researcher-made questionnaire is used as research tool whose validity and reliability are tested based on the views of the research supervisor, advisor, experts and managers of the municipality, and Cronbach's alpha test (a= 0787), respectively. Then, data analysis is performed using SPSS software (v21). According to the research findings, passive defense is effective in reducing damages to cities and application risk, and developing a proper pattern for urban sustainability using experts and managers perspective (p<0.05). https://www.ijhcum.net/article_36182_1049295f8ee6129ad4d8d84afac6f05f.pdf