Human capital in urban management
Y. Vakil Alroaia
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: While innovation in some circumstances is detrimental to a number of urban civil development cooperatives many have benefited from the use of innovation strategies around the world. Therefore, this study sought to analyze the effective factors of organizational innovation on ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: While innovation in some circumstances is detrimental to a number of urban civil development cooperatives many have benefited from the use of innovation strategies around the world. Therefore, this study sought to analyze the effective factors of organizational innovation on the performance of members in urban development cooperatives. METHODS: The statistical population of this study is all urban civil development cooperatives and the sample size consisted of 384 members of these civil cooperatives who were selected using stratified-random sampling method. The data gathering tool was a questionnaire which validity using content validity and construct validity and reliability using Cronbach's alpha coefficient has been reviewed and approved. In order to analyze the data, inferential statistical tests including Kolmogorov-Smirnov test, Student t-test, correlation test and structural equation modeling technique were used. FINDING: The results of data analysis showed that the research variables including organizational innovation and members performance in urban development cooperatives are in good condition (β= 0.76 and φ=0.68).Also, according to the research findings, organizational innovation and its four dimensions, including production (ρ=0.72), administrative (ρ=0.75), process (ρ=0.68) and technological innovation (ρ=0.76), has a positive and significant effect on the performance of members in urban civil development cooperatives. CONCLUSION: The results indicated that the development of innovations requires specific organizational resources and capabilities so that the organization can benefit from innovation and its benefits.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
A.R. Sadeghi; N. Panahi
Abstract
In the current period, followed by the industrial revolution, the damaging effects of the one-dimensional attitude towards the environment caused by human have had countless hazards. To cope with these risks, the respect and protection of environmental values has attracted today's urban human attention ...
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In the current period, followed by the industrial revolution, the damaging effects of the one-dimensional attitude towards the environment caused by human have had countless hazards. To cope with these risks, the respect and protection of environmental values has attracted today's urban human attention once again and the issues about the human right to a decent, safe and healthy environment which is called briefly" environmental rights ", have widely been discussed. In fact, this research is formed on the basis of the principle that the right to a healthy environment, must be respected in the design of public spaces and the legal aspects of this principle must be considered in dealing with these spaces, so one of the necessary contexts to the conversion of today’s public spaces to valuable urban places would be provided. Therefore, in this study the human right to a healthy, safe and decent environment and the related concepts has been reviewed and the role of the environment in the process of transforming urban spaces to urban places has been discussed. This study also emphasizes on the role of the noise pollution of the urban public spaces as one of the threatening factors of the right to the environment, in the inefficiency and disorder in the process of the conversion of these spaces to public places and while reviewing the laws to reduce such pollution in urban public spaces, it stresses the necessity of considering these rules in designing the urban public spaces. This study uses descriptive and analytic research methodology and investigation techniques of literature review by using library studies.
Human capital in urban management
S. Ahmadvand; H. Rahmani; M. Mousa khani
Abstract
Human Resource Architecture, one of the components of organizational architecture, is the process of identifying and combining the appropriate elements of human resource management to create and present a vision of human resources in the organization. Organization in which there is a coordination between ...
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Human Resource Architecture, one of the components of organizational architecture, is the process of identifying and combining the appropriate elements of human resource management to create and present a vision of human resources in the organization. Organization in which there is a coordination between employee behavior, human resource systems, resource activities, and the mission and goals of the organization. Governance is also an economic and political means of exercising power in a country's economic, political and social institutions, or as a set of traditions and institutions in which a sovereign operates, or for managing all relationships, and is defined as an executive term at all levels. The purpose of this study is to investigate the architectural performance of human resource management in municipalities.METHODS: This study is quantitative and developmental research. In this study, non-interactive method and thematic analysis of documents were used. Initially, 30 documents were identified and examined, and then the text reading table using the Scopus index identified 7 fully related documents. Next, three open, axial and selective encodings are performed on the specified documents. MAXQDA2020 software was used for data analysis. Then, to verify the validity of the identified components of the cryptographic output, its validation was performed using a distribution of 75 questionnaires among middle and senior managers of the Municipality of Tehran, using LISREL software.FINDINGS: Considering the coding, finally, human resource architecture with a governance approach in four dimensions (partnership and network governance; contractual and joint governance from above; outsourcing and job-oriented governance and hierarchical and knowledge-based governance) and 15 components of the category was classified. In partnership and network governance, the most repetition in component-related documents emphasizes on joined-up management (5 repetitions) and in contract and partnership governance, the most repetition is related to the commitment and accountability components (5 repetitions) and outsourced and job-oriented government with private component. (6 repetitions) and hierarchical and knowledge-based governance with an internalization component (4 repetitions). Based on the findings of confirmatory factor analysis, only the internalization component (T-Value <1.96) was not approved in the Municipality of Tehran.CONCLUSION: From the coding, it is finally concluded that the human resource architecture with a four-way governance approach of the partnership and network architecture; contractual and joint governance from above; Outsourcing and job-oriented architectures as well as hierarchical and knowledge-based architectures have the most iterations in the reviewed literature.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
P. Alaedini; R. Shahvali
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A relatively large number of historic (traditional and old) houses have been restored in Iranian cities in the recent period. Of increasing demand in the era of the experience economy, many are used as cafes, restaurants, galleries, ecolodges, etc. Cultural heritage and urban ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: A relatively large number of historic (traditional and old) houses have been restored in Iranian cities in the recent period. Of increasing demand in the era of the experience economy, many are used as cafes, restaurants, galleries, ecolodges, etc. Cultural heritage and urban policies have further provided a general framework and some incentives for the restoration and reuse of these houses. Leveraging a tourism development framework, this paper investigated how authenticity could be achieved in practice in the restoration and reinvention of historic houses.METHODS: A flexible policy research approach was employed to probe the current framework governing the restoration of historic houses. Another part of the analysis was based on a set of semi-structured interviews and field observations targeting restored historic houses in the city of Shiraz. Specifically, interviews were conducted with owners/operators of the most significant category of reused old houses—those turned into ecolodges—along with visitors.FINDINGS: Based on the fieldwork results, five general recommendations were provided for owners/operators of restored historic houses/ecolodges toward realizing authenticity: there is a need for pre-planning and employment of adequate knowledge and knowhow to provide authentic experiences to visitors; objective elements should leverage creativity, balance tradition and modernity, and give the establishment its own personality; subjective elements should be reflective of local culture, history, and hospitality; a major aim is to have tourists emotionally engaged with the place and easily interact with people, places, and things; and allowing for co-creation could instill an enduring sense of belonging into visitors.CONCLUSION: Notwithstanding recommendations for owners/operators of restored historic houses, tourism and urban authorities must focus on the creation of a policy framework that encourages the delivery and management of authenticity. Adopting a stronger socio-cultural approach should help to achieve additional regeneration objectives of local economic development through increased interaction among public-sector agencies, non-governmental institutions, local populations (property-owners or tenants), and investors.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
N. Kumar; Y.A. Rajshree; A. Yadav; N. Himani Malhotra; N. Gupta; P. Pushp
Abstract
In contrast to existing trends and expected deteriorating water quality in the river Yamuna in Delhi which carries potential cultural economical and health importance, March 2016 water data showing improvement despite large public gathering at river bank during Cultural Festival. The reasons and ...
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In contrast to existing trends and expected deteriorating water quality in the river Yamuna in Delhi which carries potential cultural economical and health importance, March 2016 water data showing improvement despite large public gathering at river bank during Cultural Festival. The reasons and factors were investigated. The paper presents the test reports of eco- enzyme which was found to be used during the event of World Culture Festival at the river bank in March 2016. The eco- enzyme is found to positively affect pH (from 6.7 to 7.2) reducing solids (from 884 to 745) suspended solids-(from 121 to 47) hardness and chlorides in a stable water body- Pond. The eco- enzyme testing in drain water showed optimum water cleaning effect on 0.5% concentration by showing the reduction of Biological Oxygen Demand from 690 to 231, Chemical oxygen demand from 537 to 384, nitrates (from 5.54 to 3.39) Coliform count by 10%. Considering cost-effectiveness of the enzyme it is considered feasible technique to mitigate polluted water bodies.
Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
M. Eshghizadeh
Abstract
Integrating a geographic information system and multi-criteria decision making methods have been lead to provide spatial multi-criteria decision making methods. In this study, the spatial potential of flooding was determined based on analytic network process and analytic hierarchy process. At first, ...
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Integrating a geographic information system and multi-criteria decision making methods have been lead to provide spatial multi-criteria decision making methods. In this study, the spatial potential of flooding was determined based on analytic network process and analytic hierarchy process. At first, six factors of flooding were determined as criteria. The criteria were the slope, hill-slope aspect, curve number, snow, and rainfall on snow and land use. Also, 25 sub-criteria were determined for them. Then, the criteria and their sub-criteria were weighted based on the analytic network process and the analytic hierarchy process methods. In the next stage, were integrated the weights of the criteria and sub-criteria on their layers in the IlWIS 3 and were calculated the relative weighted average of flooding as the spatial potential of flooding. The results showed that analytic network process and the analytic hierarchy process methods have a high capability to estimate the potential of flooding. The analytic hierarchy process method had calculated the relative weighted average of flooding in the control and sample sub-catchments 26 and 23 percent, respectively. Also, the analytic network process method had calculated it 25 and 21 percent. Based on the results, the both methods have the same capability to estimate the potential of flooding, but for comparison of sub-catchments, the analytic hierarchy process method is recommended, whereas the analytic network process method is recommended for studying one sub-catchment and spatial variations of flooding. Moreover, the analytic hierarchy process method is simpler than analytic network process method to estimate the potential of flooding.
Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
B. Prabal; R. Syed Hafizur
Abstract
Climate displaced persons generally follow the same trails as other migrants, but climate-induced displacement is adding to the pace and scale of human mobility. The prime aim of the study was to investigate the rural to urban migration of climate induced displacement in coastal area of Bangladesh addressing ...
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Climate displaced persons generally follow the same trails as other migrants, but climate-induced displacement is adding to the pace and scale of human mobility. The prime aim of the study was to investigate the rural to urban migration of climate induced displacement in coastal area of Bangladesh addressing to risks and opportunities. The study mainly based on primary data and secondary data was used for validation. The study reveals that after displacement nearly 89% displaced people migrated from rural (Kutubdia Island) to Cox’s Bazar urban area. Consequently, meantime their monthly income, occupational status, housing and sanitation condition, source of drinking water and health care facilities were changed positively but in most cases they are dissatisfied. Because they lost their traditional and indigenous occupations system and their housing pattern and conditions become worsen. Availability of water and sanitation facility and healthcare seeking behavior changed positively in the urban area. Finally, the study revealed that there is risk and opportunity for climate displaced people in urban migration. However, planned/fair migration of climate displaced people can reduce the risk factors in the urban setting.
Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
A.A. Nayeem; A.K. Majumder; W.S. Carter
Volume 5, Issue 3 , July 2020, , Pages 207-216
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Bangladesh government declared a general holiday beginning on March 26, 2020 aimed to combat coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of the general holiday on air quality in Dhaka city area of Bangladesh. METHODS: Hourly PM2.5 (aerodynamic ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Bangladesh government declared a general holiday beginning on March 26, 2020 aimed to combat coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of the general holiday on air quality in Dhaka city area of Bangladesh. METHODS: Hourly PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) data was collected from publicly available World's Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index Project from March 1 to May 16 for the five years 2016 to 2020. Tukey Multiple Comparison test was conducted to address the observable level of air quality changes between the years. Additionally, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer using the Aerosol Optical Depth with 550nm wavelength was analyzed during the same time period. FINDING: This Study found that, between April 7 and May 16, the mean daily reading of PM2.5 was less in 2020 when compared to previous years. The mean hourly reported PM2.5 during working hours of 6AM and 8 PM for 2020 was statistically lower (at α= 0.01 level) than all other years 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016. The mean hourly reported PM2.5 for 2019 was statistically higher (at α = 0.01 level) than all other years 2020, 2018, 2017, and 2016. The Bus Rapid Transit and Mass Rapid Transit Construction in 2019 contributed between 24.2% and 38.6% of the PM2.5 dust during this period. The elimination of diesel bus traffic during working hours in 2020 reduced the dust levels between 15.9% and 36.3% compared to the previous four years. A declining trend of AOD550 values was observed from April 7 to May 16, 2020 compared to previous four years (2016-2019). CONCLUSION: During the general holiday period in Dhaka, the daily and working hour PM2.5 as well as daily Aerosol Optical Depth were reduced compared to previous four years (2016-2019). Government action is recommended to reduce dust created during major construction projects. It is recommended the government authorize the replacement of buses with less polluting vehicles.
Urban social and cultural welfare
E. Jalalian; E. Nasiri Hendekhaleh; N. Ezadbin
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social resilience is one of the ways to reduce social problems and is a factor for the success of social welfare programs, increasing trust and social capital; therefore, in recent years, more attention has been paid to the issue of social resilience. The present study deals ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social resilience is one of the ways to reduce social problems and is a factor for the success of social welfare programs, increasing trust and social capital; therefore, in recent years, more attention has been paid to the issue of social resilience. The present study deals with theoretical and experimental analysis of social resilience. METHODS: The aim of this study was to investigate the level of social resilience in region one of Karaj city by descriptive-analytical method. The statistical population consisted of residents of District one of Karaj city, 384 of whom were randomly selected. The researcher-made questionnaire was confirmed by face validity and Cronbach's alpha of 0.85. FINDING: Data analysis was performed using descriptive and inferential statistics in SPSS software. The results showed that the confidence component was 2.53, 1.73, 2.52, 4.14, 4.01 and 8.86 that all coefficients were higher than 2.59 at the significance level of 0.01. For the social capital component was 1.65, 6.14, 07.03, -1.01, and -0.35, which showed that all coefficients were higher than 2.59 (14, 15) at the significance level of 0.01. For the component of commonalities between residents component was 7.87, 11.74, 7.21, 0.85-1.17, 2.93, showing that all coefficients were higher than 2.59 at the significance level of 0.01. Also, the structural model of social cohesion, the criteria of goodness of fit index and the adjusted fit index were equal to 0.79, which indicates that the model has a moderate fit. CONCLUSION:The purpose of this study was to investigate and measure the criteria of social resilience among the four dimensions of resilience in the settlement. As one of the most important ideas in urban planning is to create resilient cities that are resilient to social crises, therefore, paying attention to the dimensions of social cohesion, including: trust, social capital and commonalities between residents can ensure that a high level of social resilience is created and effectively operates in accordance with sustainability in society.
Human capital in urban management
A. R. Dabir; M. Azarpira
Abstract
: Social capital represents the set of interpersonal relationships which provide resources that create value for individuals in organizations. The present paper aims at investigating the relationship between Information Justice and social capital in Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch. The method ...
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: Social capital represents the set of interpersonal relationships which provide resources that create value for individuals in organizations. The present paper aims at investigating the relationship between Information Justice and social capital in Islamic Azad University South Tehran Branch. The method of the research is descriptive-correlational and regarding the aim it is functional. The means of information gathering from the studied population is questionnaire. The number of sample population was 250 and they were selected by simple accidental sampling method. From the distributed questionnaires, 240 ones were gathered. To study the Relationship between Information Justice and social capital, the model of structural equation was applied. The output of LISREL software indicates that the fitted structural model is appropriate for hypothesis testing. In other words, observed data is, to a great extent, compatible with conceptual model of research. So, there is a significant relationship between Information Justice and social capital.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
N. Izadi; A. Norouzi; P. Ataei
Abstract
Environmental impacts assessment may be some measures to offset the impact to an acceptable level or explore new solutions. The research was conducted with the aim of assessing the socio-economic, cultural, physical and ecological impacts of Kavar irrigation and drainage network in Fars Province (Iran). ...
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Environmental impacts assessment may be some measures to offset the impact to an acceptable level or explore new solutions. The research was conducted with the aim of assessing the socio-economic, cultural, physical and ecological impacts of Kavar irrigation and drainage network in Fars Province (Iran). In this study, Environmental impacts assessment was undertaken by ICOLD matrix. The ICOLD matrix is one of the flexible methods that converted qualitative data into quantitative data. In this method, the effect of the project activities on the environmental components were assessed in two stages; project construction and operation based on physical, ecological, socio-economic and cultural aspects. The findings indicated that positive effects will be generally exerted on the region environment by establishing and operating irrigation and drainage network in Kavar plain. In other words, substantial positive impacts will be seen in the region consequently; such as improving the average level of aquifer, enhancement of agricultural wells, and agriculture development in the region. However, in order to alleviate the negative impacts of the projects processes, it is suggested that presented environmental training to farmers, collaborating and further communicating with other relevant organizations and institutions.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
M.R. Allahyari; M. khakzand
Abstract
The social dynamics of cities have long been dependent on their spaces and places. On the one hand, human interactions, and relationships are formed by the city form and on the other hand, the body recovers its identity from existing social life. The more a city can communicate with its citizens through ...
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The social dynamics of cities have long been dependent on their spaces and places. On the one hand, human interactions, and relationships are formed by the city form and on the other hand, the body recovers its identity from existing social life. The more a city can communicate with its citizens through physical features, the more it will affect their social identity. Thus, the city form can have a considerable effect on the relationships and social capital among humans. Karaj city is the second immigrant city because of being close to Tehran Capital of Iran. Nowadays, the slumming phenomenon in Karaj has become a fundamental problem that the physical distinctions of the slum districts seem to have led to a change in the social capacities of the district. Based on the survey and using processed data extracted from the questionnaire in a quantitative model through SPSS software, physical characteristics and architectural spaces of Zurabad neighborhood of Karaj contribute to the decline in social capital of the people in this neighborhood to 79%, resulting from reducing people's trust in the neighborhood up to 84%, its people’s security up to 85%, its people’s sense of belonging up to 72% and in its people’s participation up to 75%. These results indicate the urgent need for immediate attention to the body and context of this region that shapes each individual's social and individual identity over time.
Human capital in urban management
L. Vasudevan; A. Iqbal
Abstract
In a new era, the organizational climate has built as the norms, values, beliefs, traditions, and ceremonies where people work together to solve problems and face challenges. This study was to determine whether there is a relationship between each of the three dimensions of organizational climate (supervisory ...
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In a new era, the organizational climate has built as the norms, values, beliefs, traditions, and ceremonies where people work together to solve problems and face challenges. This study was to determine whether there is a relationship between each of the three dimensions of organizational climate (supervisory support, autonomy, and goal direction) and Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Individual and Organizational Citizenship Behavior-Organizational on a non-supervisory staff of Bank Simpanan National in Malaysia. Nevertheless, the framework of this study was discussed based on the suitable underpinning theory of organizational climate and how the organizational climate theory relates to organizational citizenship behavior. The population of employees in Bank Simpanan National was 7,000. Samples taken amounted to 99 (Male=52; Female=47) of the non-supervisory staff, respondents of the total population of 7,000, through sampling techniques, namely purposive sampling. Respondents' were selected among non-supervisory employees in this study. This study was examined using the quantitative method. In this study data analysis is done by IBM Statistical Product and Service Solution (SPSS) program for windows version 22. Data collection techniques used the form of a 7-Likert scale of organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior. It was examined using correlation analysis. This study revealed a significant association between organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior on non-supervisory employees of Bank Simpanan National in Malaysia. The hypotheses further showed a significant positive relationship between 2nd order construct of organizational climate and organizational citizenship behavior and organizational citizenship behavior-Organizational. This research recommended that all banks' need to demonstrate a positive organizational climate among employee's to increase organizational citizenship behavior.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
C. Belford; D. Huang; E. Ceesay; Y.N. Ahmed; L. Sanyang; R.H. Jonga
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Climate change is one of the existential threats of modern times, which deserves urgent attention by policymakers. The objective of this paper is to comprehend the impact of climate change on the Gambian economy both in the short and long-run. METHODS: This paper analyses time ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Climate change is one of the existential threats of modern times, which deserves urgent attention by policymakers. The objective of this paper is to comprehend the impact of climate change on the Gambian economy both in the short and long-run. METHODS: This paper analyses time series data from 1969 to 2016. The study incorporated rainfall and temperature as proxies of climate change into the Cobb-Douglas production function. The Augmented Dickey-Fuller and the Phillips-Perron stationarity test for unit root found that the growth rate of rainfall is not statistically significant with the Mackinnon approximate p-value for z (t) =0.2306. The first lag is significant at 5% and 10% but has a negative coefficient in the first differential up to the fourth lag. In contrast, the growth rate of temperature is statistically significant with a p-value of 0.0196. FINDING: The findings revealed that human capital growth is not significantly related to economic growth in The Gambia. In the long-run, the growth rates of climate change variables are all statistically significant and associated with a negative impact on economic growth. For the short-run, the lag difference of rainfall against its own lag is statistically significant and has a positive impact on economic growth. The lag difference in the growth rate of the Gross Domestic Product is not statistically significantly related to the growth rate of rainfall. CONCLUSION: The Gambia is vulnerable to climate change shocks, consequently climate change will negatively impact economic growth resulting in high unemployment, low productivity, and high poverty rate.
Human capital in urban management
L. Wei; HL. Vasudevan
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Leadership styles will have different effects on company performance, so many literatures in China study the relationship between leadership styles and company performance in manufacturing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between leadership styles ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Leadership styles will have different effects on company performance, so many literatures in China study the relationship between leadership styles and company performance in manufacturing. The purpose of this study is to investigate the relationship between leadership styles and company performance in Chinese manufacturing. As a result of ineffective management in leading employees, China is currently experiencing poor financial and marketing performance, which has resulted in poor business operations and lower productivity, both of which have a direct impact on the company's performance in China's manufacturing industry.METHODS: This study adopts quantitative research method to collect data of factors affecting company performance through questionnaires, the sampling technique is snowball sampling. A total of 450 questionnaires were sent out to the respondents, and a total of 384 questionnaires were returned. Among them, 290 questionnaires were usable. A preliminary study was conducted to ensure that the adjusted questionnaire items were appropriate and valid for the study. In actual data collection, 290 responses were successfully collected in this study, with a response rate of 65%. The SPSS software was utilized to analyze the data in this study.FINDINGS: Based on the quantitative data analysis, the findings found that dictatorial leadership style paternalistic leadership style, autocratic leadership style, and laissez-faire leadership style insignificantly correlated with company performance in China. Democratic leadership style significantly correlated with company performance in China. Further, research findings have been discussed in the discussion of results.CONCLUSION: These findings may provide the purpose of this study that characterize company performance, confirm leadership style in the Chinese manufacturing sector, and apply performance theory to further analyze the effect of leadership style. The Tannenbaum and Schmidt leadership styles should suggest that leadership behaviour varies along a continuum, with a level of follower participation and involvement in decision-making growing as leaders move away from the authoritarian extreme.
Human capital in urban management
A. Heravi; A. Zamani Moghadam; S.A. Hashemi; Y. Vakil Alroaia; A. Sajadi Jagharg
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to analyze the factors influencing human resource development for state-owned enterprises.METHODS: This research was an applied study concerning its objective with a descriptive-exploratory type. The study was conducted by two quantitative and qualitative ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: This study was performed to analyze the factors influencing human resource development for state-owned enterprises.METHODS: This research was an applied study concerning its objective with a descriptive-exploratory type. The study was conducted by two quantitative and qualitative approaches. The research statistical population included two groups for both approaches. In the qualitative approach, 22 experts were selected to design the model using fuzzy Delphi methods, structural-interpretive modeling. In the quantitative approach of 360 employees of state-owned enterprises companies were selected from the statistical population of 2738 people by the stratified random sampling method. Content analysis was used to analyze qualitative data and in the quantitative method used interpretive structural method, analytic network process and MICMAC.FINDINGS: The result of determining the relationships revealed that organizational factors, job factors, behavioral factors, and empowerment factors affect human resource development, respectively. The findings of weighting the factors by fuzzy network analysis process indicated that empowerment factors with a weight of 0.361 among the dimensions and the knowledge management factor with a weight of 0.132 among the components have the highest importance in the development of human resourceR. CONCLUSION: The variable “human resource empowerment” leads to success in human resource development, which needs to be improved quickly to bring success to the organization and improve its performance. The managers should pay attention to the high levels of the model and improve the relationships set between the factors to improve this factor. Considering the high significance of the “knowledge management” component, the managers’ most important measure should be focused on improving this factor followed by continuous efforts in this context since paying attention to knowledge management has the greatest impact on the success of human resource development and requires special attention.
Urban and municipalities management
S. Motahari; A. Taftiyan; M. Moeinadin
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Global events in recent months, such as the (COVID-19) pandemic, have put pressures on the public budget Especially in municipalities that have made it more difficult to understand and measure. Meanwhile, Fiscal discipline as one of the most basic concepts of optimal management ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Global events in recent months, such as the (COVID-19) pandemic, have put pressures on the public budget Especially in municipalities that have made it more difficult to understand and measure. Meanwhile, Fiscal discipline as one of the most basic concepts of optimal management of resources and expenditures requires purposeful research and in this regard, the present study was conducted to identify and ranking the factors affecting the fiscal discipline of Municipalities to improve financial aspects of urban management.METHODS: In this research, the mixed exploratory approach has been used so that the qualitative method has played an exploratory role and the quantitative method has played a confirmatory role. Also, in the qualitative stage, the Meta-Synthesis Method and in the quantitative stage, the Shannon entropy method have been used to ranking the factors.FINDINGS: By reviewing 34 studies out of 114 initial studies, researchers identified 14 indicators and 110 codes as factors affecting the Fiscal discipline of Municipalities mentioned in various studies during the years 2000 to early 2021; Identified and categorized in the form of four balanced scorecard (BSC) perspectives.CONCLUSION: The results of this research, in addition to the richness of the literature on the concept of fiscal discipline, assist municipalities in managing fiscal discipline and supervisory institutions in assessments by providing a categorized checklist of factors.
Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
M.T. Islam; M. Islam; A.A. Nayeem; A.K. Majumder
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Air pollution and its associated health impacts have become a major concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Anthropogenic activities were significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing for the opportunity for source reduction of air pollutants. ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Air pollution and its associated health impacts have become a major concern worldwide, particularly in developing countries. Anthropogenic activities were significantly reduced during the COVID-19 pandemic, allowing for the opportunity for source reduction of air pollutants. A number of studies have been conducted in Dhaka, but most of them are concentrated on a single ground-monitoring station, making it impossible to draw a comprehensive pollution scenario for the entire city. In contrast, this study evaluated the spatio-temporal changes of urban Particulate Matters (PM) in 70 locations from five different land use categories. Hence, this study investigated the influence of the COVID-19 pandemic on PM1 (aerodynamic diameter ≤1 µm), PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) and PM10 (aerodynamic diameter ≤10 µm) concentration during three specific time frames: November 2019 (Pre-lockdown), April 2020 (During lockdown), and November 2020 (Post-lockdown).METHODS: The data were collected through portable air quality meter (AEROQUAL 500) during lockdown (April 2020) and post-lockdown (November 2020) period. Data set of pre-lockdowns (November 2019) was collected from Center for Atmospheric Pollution Studies (CAPS). The Tukey’s Post Hoc Multiple Comparison Test was conducted using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSSv26) to address the significant changes in air quality between the periods. Additionally, the GIS (Geographical Information System) platform was used to see the spatial and temporal variations of PMs over the city.FINDINGS: The study found that average ground level PM1, PM2.5 and PM10 concentration reduced by 75.1, 75.4, 69.6% and 41.1, 32.6, 29.2% respectively during lockdown compared to pre-lockdown and post-lockdown periods. Moreover, the reduction during lockdown was significant at α=0.05 level. The highest reduction was seen in residential areas from the pre-lockdown to lockdown period, whereas in the lockdown to post-lockdown phase that was found in the industrial areas. Interestingly, the northern part of Dhaka city was less polluted than the southern part in all three studied periods. Besides, the Dhaka city dwellers enjoyed comparatively good quality air in lockdown.CONCLUSION: This study suggested that land use-based source apportionment is required to eliminate the particulate concentration from Dhaka city. Besides, 24 hours continuous data is also important to understand the interaction between particulate concentration and climatic forces. Promoting cleaner transportation options, such as electric vehicles and public transportation is recommended as a means of reducing vehicle emissions. Furthermore, governments could consider implementing emissions regulations, setting limits on emissions, or mandating the use of cleaner fuels and technologies to reduce industrial pollution.
Urban social and cultural welfare
K. Fatehi
Abstract
The central issue in strategy formulation and implementation process, or strategy-making, is the identification of environmental forces and the preparation of a plan of action to deal with them. This necessitates scanning the environment for gathering information. Environmental scanning should enable ...
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The central issue in strategy formulation and implementation process, or strategy-making, is the identification of environmental forces and the preparation of a plan of action to deal with them. This necessitates scanning the environment for gathering information. Environmental scanning should enable the firm to identify these forces. Doing this not only calls for information gathering, but also for deciding what to look for, where to look, and what to select from the very large amount of information available. These steps are based on culturally programmed perception processes. Also, strategy-making requires assessing internal capabilities of the firm. Both, internal and external steps in the strategy-making process involve perception and thinking, both of which are influenced by culture. Therefore, country differences can be expected in each step. In this regard, the process of strategy making varies among managers of different cultures. This paper addresses these issues and discusses implications of cultural differences on the strategy-making process.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
M. Zarghami; F. Nazarhaghighi; M. R. Fatemi; R. Mousavi Nadoushan; M. Sohrabi Mollayousefi; B. Moghaddasi
Abstract
Biodiversity and distribution of benthic Meiobenthos in the sediments of the Southern Caspian Sea) Mazandaran) was studied in order to introduce and determine their relationship with the environmental factors. From 12 stations (ranging in depths 5, 10, 20 and 50 meters), sediment samples were gathered ...
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Biodiversity and distribution of benthic Meiobenthos in the sediments of the Southern Caspian Sea) Mazandaran) was studied in order to introduce and determine their relationship with the environmental factors. From 12 stations (ranging in depths 5, 10, 20 and 50 meters), sediment samples were gathered in four seasons (2012). Environmental factors of water near the bottom including temperature, salinity, dissolved Oxygen and pH were measured during sampling with CTD instrument(conductivity, temperature and Depth) and the grain size and total organic matter percentage and calcium carbonate were measured in the laboratory. From the 4 group animals (Foraminfera, Crustacea, Worms and Mollusca), 40 species were identified belonging to 29 genera of 25 families belonging to meiofauna and 15 species belonging to 15 genera of 13 belonging to macrofauna. Among seven parameters evaluated, Pearson correlation showed that there is a negative correlation between density of meiobenthos, TOM and depth and there is not a correlation between macrofauna and environmental factors. However, according to the results of One Way ANOVA, the density of meiofauna was significantly different from station, season and depth, and macrofaunain was also significantly different from station and season (P<0.05). Maximum Shannon–Wiener index was observed in winter.
M. Shirafkanlamso; P. Mohammadzadeh; D. Behboudi
Abstract
Optimal housing selection is one of the most important challenges in housing demand, which most people, especially housing investors, are facing. Although there is an overall agreement on the importance of the budget role on choosing the house, the model that uniquely measures the role and impact of ...
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Optimal housing selection is one of the most important challenges in housing demand, which most people, especially housing investors, are facing. Although there is an overall agreement on the importance of the budget role on choosing the house, the model that uniquely measures the role and impact of all the factors of investment demand for housing has not been presented and no clear explanation is made. Considering the central role of budget constraints, behavioral and control factors in investment demand, this research carried out in the framework of the qualitative (method of data research method) and quantitative (polynomial logistic method) approach to explaining the mental pattern of investment demand for housing in Tabriz. The data were obtained from semi-structured interviews of 12 experts familiar with the issues of housing capital and distributing a questionnaire among 720 households in Tabriz. The result revealed 250 code, 20 concepts, and 4 categories, based on which the qualitative research model was designed. Also, the results of estimating the logit model using the STATA software indicate that important factors such as welfare and comfort aspects with a coefficient of 0.8292, access to urban services with a coefficient of 0.2287 and proximity to relatives with the coefficient of 0.2199 have had a positive and significant effect on the capital investment demand. But the close proximity of the household header with the coefficient of -0.2014 has a negative impact on the choice of housing capital.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
A. Talla; F.D. Motto; G.E. Nkeng
Abstract
This study is a contribution to the study of the spatial evolution of the properties of the municipal lake of Yaounde-Cameroon. The objective was the characterization of the physico-chemical, bacteriological and organoleptic parameters of water of this lake in order to provide the scientifically exploitable ...
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This study is a contribution to the study of the spatial evolution of the properties of the municipal lake of Yaounde-Cameroon. The objective was the characterization of the physico-chemical, bacteriological and organoleptic parameters of water of this lake in order to provide the scientifically exploitable data. To understand the sources and the evolution of the pollution of this lake, we carried out on the surface of water, fifteen samples horizontally representative and arranged on the longitudinal axis and the transverse axis of this one. Analyzes of the parameters of these samples allowed us to establish that three classes of water coexist within the expanse of this lake, in this case water of class 5 (colour = 380.3 mgPt-Co/L, conductivity at 20 °C = 3620 μS/cm, pH = 6.2, dissolved oxygen = 0.4 mg/L) at its its eastern bank; water of class 4 (101.4 ≤ colour ≤ 172.8 mgPt-Co/L, 25.7 ≤ temperature ≤ 26.1 °C, 6.6 ≤ pH ≤ 7.0, 8.9 ≤ BOD5 ≤ 20.7 mg/L, 43.0.103 ≤ total coliforms ≤ 49.7.103 CFU/100 mL) around 300 meters from its tributary and water of class 3 (54.9 ≤ colour ≤ 93.4 mgPt-Co/L, 24.2 ≤ temperature ≤ 25.5 °C ; 7.4 ≤ pH ≤ 7.7, 6.6 ≤ BOD5 ≤ 8.7 mg/L) in the rest of the lake. These water classes, as indicated above, cause this lake to be polluted differently. The study also allowed us to identify two directions of self-purification within the lake expanse.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
V. Mehdipour; M. Memarianfard; F. Homayounfar
Abstract
This research based on record and collected data from four stations at Eymir Lake, Turkey, which are monitored daily in seven months. Water quality monitoring using former methods are time-needed and expensive, while the application of gene expression programming is more understandable, rapid, and reliable ...
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This research based on record and collected data from four stations at Eymir Lake, Turkey, which are monitored daily in seven months. Water quality monitoring using former methods are time-needed and expensive, while the application of gene expression programming is more understandable, rapid, and reliable which is used in this article to provide a prediction for dissolved oxygen. The concentration of oxygen is one of the most important factors of water quality identification, which shows if water has proper ability for aquatic life, agriculture, sanitary and drink, or not. Therefore, the concentration of oxygen is one of the most important parameters, which cannot be calculated by mathematical analyses directly. Phosphor, nitrate, phosphate, dissolved nitrogen, water alkalinity, water temperature, dissolved chlorophyll, electrical conductivity, precipitation rate, wind velocity and environment temperature are parameters which used as correlated factors to better prediction of dissolved oxygen in this paper. In the best model determination coefficient and root mean square error values respectively, were found to be 0.8031 and 0.0937. Finally, the assessment of forecasted data showed that the proposed approach produces satisfactory results.
Urban and municipalities management
M. Montezarhojat; Y. Vakil Alroaia; E. Rashidi
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study in qualitative section is to identify the factors affecting social media marketing in urban cyberspace and then in quantitative section, ranking these factors. Hence, the question has been raised as to what factors affect social media marketing ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The main purpose of this study in qualitative section is to identify the factors affecting social media marketing in urban cyberspace and then in quantitative section, ranking these factors. Hence, the question has been raised as to what factors affect social media marketing in urban cyberspace?METHODS: Due to the exploratory nature of this research, it is not possible to provide an initial answer or hypothesis to the aforementioned question, and the final answer has been obtained using the theme analysis approach. In addition, based on the Analytic Network Process multi-criteria decision-making technique, the priority of the elements affecting social media marketing was discussed. In order to collect the data and get the opinions of experts, professors of the Iran Broadcasting University and senior media managers, in-depth and semi-structured interviews were conducted with 15 participants who were selected using the theoretical sampling method as well as the snowball method.FINDINGS: Through a reciprocal process based on the theme analysis, key concepts associated with the social media marketing in urban cyberspace were extracted and finally, 1 pervasive theme and 32 subthemes were identified and categorized within the 4 main themes including factors related to marketing, competitive, and managerial factors, as well as, factors related to the social media. Also, the results from Analytic Network Process shows the preference value (Φ) of these factors respectively include the parameters of: Marketing-related factors (Φ=0.169); Managerial (Φ= 0.163); Competitiveness (Φ=0.139); and Social media (Φ=-0.133).CONCLUSION: Presence of media in novel communication space with its general and special audiences is an opportunity which should not be ignored by the National Media. Compared to the commercial advertisements in various radio and Television channels, marketing in this atmosphere is likely to make less money (particularly at the early days), but such presence is highly significant. According to the results, the most important factors affecting social media marketing in urban cyberspace are Marketing-related factors, Managerial, Competitiveness and Social media factors.
Human capital in urban management
M.R. Bahadoran; H. Ghasemi; A. Farahani; M. Hoseini
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Knowledge is a key factor and strategic resource for gaining assets and non-functional organizational capabilities. Knowledge Management is the knowledgeable process of creating, validating, presenting, distributing and using the knowledge in an organization. Successful organizations ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Knowledge is a key factor and strategic resource for gaining assets and non-functional organizational capabilities. Knowledge Management is the knowledgeable process of creating, validating, presenting, distributing and using the knowledge in an organization. Successful organizations consider human resource development as a fundamental principle. Many organization find their knowledge management process to be ignored by the employees. Gamification is a way of enhancing knowledge management with game design elements to increase employee’s engagement, content creation and satisfaction.METHODS: The research method was descriptive-survey and based on variance-based structural equation modeling. The statistical population included 384 employees of the sports organization of selected metropolises. The statistical sample size was determined by stratified random sampling method, 384 employees who answered the research tools: questionnaires of gamification, performance improvement and knowledge management. The validity of the instrument was confirmed by 5 professors of sports management and their reliability was calculated with Cronbach’s alpha coefficient and combined reliability in the dimensions of the questionnaires, higher than 0.696 and 0.757, respectively. Data analysis was performed by descriptive and inferential statistics tests and sobel test in SPSS 22.0 and SmartPLS 2.0.FINDINGS: The relationship between research constructs with their dimensions, gamification with performance improvement and knowledge management with performance improvement of positive and significant research model (T≥2.86) and research model fit (GOF = 0.589) was evaluated as strong. As a result, managers of metropolitan municipal sports organizations can play a mediating role in the relationship between gamification and performance improvement by implementing knowledge management in the organization.CONCLUSION: According to the research results, although gamification is an effective factor in improving employee performance, but knowledge management plays a crucial role. Therefore, it is suggested that municipal sports managers pay special attention to knowledge management and gamification to improve employee performance.
