Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
B. Azmoudeh Amlashi
Abstract
Constructing new urban facilities requires precise study of the proper sitting in different parts of a city. The first point for the accurate allocation of urban facilities, is to select the optimal site regarding different conditions and it matters when it comes to important factors such as saving lives ...
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Constructing new urban facilities requires precise study of the proper sitting in different parts of a city. The first point for the accurate allocation of urban facilities, is to select the optimal site regarding different conditions and it matters when it comes to important factors such as saving lives and safety of the people. Therefore, the optimal site selection of fire stations is essential because of the importance of the people who are in danger of fire and hazards. This research is applied in terms of purpose and in terms of method, is descriptive and in terms of data collection is a survey research. For this purpose, using the Analytic hierarchy process analysis in GIS, the results were analyzed by questionnaire. Using the overlapping method, the weighted criteria were combined and the optimal sites for the constructing of fire stations are specified. Results determined areas that have a higher priority and better conditions for the constructing of fire stations. The areas which have the most suitable conditions because of their proximity to the road, residential areas, the existence of health centers, as well as commercial centers, along with the existence of worn out structures, were in the first priority for the construction of new stations. However, other parts of the district are well-suited for construction of new stations that are compatible and in fact confirm the current situation and the status.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
H. Ahmadi; A.H. Taghizad Farahmand
Abstract
The growth of urban populations in recent decades requires physical elements such as residential, commercial and cultural spaces and the development of infrastructure such as streets and highways, which will open a new horizon to the historic texture of cities and how to preserve and restore them. The ...
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The growth of urban populations in recent decades requires physical elements such as residential, commercial and cultural spaces and the development of infrastructure such as streets and highways, which will open a new horizon to the historic texture of cities and how to preserve and restore them. The development of new urban textures along with the lack of attention to the historic texture and the transformation of the form and structure of the old neighborhoods of the city, promotes the expansion of new physical elements and the oblivion of historic elements. In this research, first, various management dimensions and then issues related to the restoration and conservation of historic textures, problems with these types of textures, issues procedures and legal and historic measures are discussed, then by using the field survey in the direction of achieving quantitative and qualitative findings and in the format of statistical methods an using the questionnaire, the required data for the research are collected from managers and citizens and the results will be presented in the form of a chart. In this regard, four hypotheses are tested and are finally concluded and summed up. This research seeks to answer the question of whether restoring and conserving the historic texture of the District 12 of Tehran municipality could be achieved through the formulation of management strategies or not.
Human capital in urban management
Z. Farasat; A.R. Amirkabiri; R. Najafbagy
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The civil service management law in the administrative system of the country is a public policy and the mother law, which includes valuable concepts and norms in the field of administrative law. Despite the fact that some chapters of this law, including the chapter of people's ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The civil service management law in the administrative system of the country is a public policy and the mother law, which includes valuable concepts and norms in the field of administrative law. Despite the fact that some chapters of this law, including the chapter of people's rights (chapter 3), are considered as innovations; however, some of the goals of the law in this chapter have not yet been achieved. As a result, this chapter of the law needs further scrutiny and implementation. Therefore, this study intends to take an important step towards the growth of the country's administrative system by identifying the pathologies of this chapter and providing corrective solutions.METHOD: The research is inductive and qualitative. The interviewees in the present study are members of parliament, managers and experts, who were selected by snowball sampling method. The data collection tool is a semi-structured interview and the "Theme Analysis" approach is used to analyze the data. The coding is done by MAXQDA quality software.RESULTS: The findings of the study showed that the content deficiencies identified in the chapter on people's rights are: "Lack of attention to the needs of society, lack of law enforcement trustee, lack of trustee for public awareness, lack of mechanism for accountability Citizens, failure to specify and specify the bodies supervising the implementation of the chapter on people's rights, suffice to express the generalities in the provisions of the law and the lack of expression of the law in a common language between users and legislators and etc. These findings indicate that the observance of transverse features in the Civil Service Management Law, such as: "Responding to the needs of society, efficiency, focus on justice, feasibility and progress, etc." is ambiguous.CONCLUSION: Given that a rule lacks transversal features, it may be called a law, but it may not have the power to persuade citizens or executors to enforce it. On the other hand, considering the importance and key role of the chapter 3 of the Civil Service Management Law on citizenship rights, which includes: "Duties and responsibilities of citizens towards each other, duties and responsibilities of citizens towards the city and the ruling forces of the country, duties of the government towards citizens and people." In order to increase the quality of the law and protect the rights of the people in the quality of public administration, it is necessary to eliminate the deficiencies identified in this study. Also, the method and model considered in this research, to review the law, can be considered in other laws and public policies, including urban management laws.
Human capital in urban management
A. Mohammadzadeh; M. Moayedi; M. Hosseini Todeshki
Abstract
Tehran Municipality has had two five-year plans so far and the third one is being formulated these days. However, investigating the sector relating to the human resources shows that there is a gap between present condition and the optimal situation in several domains. This article is an attempt to investigate ...
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Tehran Municipality has had two five-year plans so far and the third one is being formulated these days. However, investigating the sector relating to the human resources shows that there is a gap between present condition and the optimal situation in several domains. This article is an attempt to investigate the five-year plans in the domain of human resources via a practical model of forecasting and retrospection analysis. It is an applied research, in which the necessary data is gathered through interview, documents and library information from formal resources. The results indicate that what is happening currently based on the policies is not optimal at all. Moreover, through explaining the normative and acceptable future, some advices are provided in order to eliminate gaps and strengthen policies along with enhancing productivity in the human resource domain of Tehran Municipality. These recommendations are about recruitment, training, management and promotion of administrative health and other areas of human resources management.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
O.N. Theophilus; O. Akaranta; E. Ugwoha
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Very low grid power penetration in some urban areas has led to telecoms companies investing massively in the deployment of diesel generators (DGs). These deployments have led to diesel and waste oil spill at base transceiver station (BTS) sites during maintenance cycles, impacting ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Very low grid power penetration in some urban areas has led to telecoms companies investing massively in the deployment of diesel generators (DGs). These deployments have led to diesel and waste oil spill at base transceiver station (BTS) sites during maintenance cycles, impacting the environment and human activities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of different rainfall intensities on the amount of waste oil and diesel leached or retained in the soil during natural attenuation. METHODS: The soil at base transceiver station was analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiment was carried out following the design of experiment approach with a 33 factorial. Three factors include contaminant volume, rainfall intensity, and soil depth on which the two response variables (leached and retained were utilized. FINDING: It was observed that rainfall intensities at 5mm/hr, 7.25, 9, and 10mm/hr has a significant impact on the amount of waste oil leached (1611.63mg/l) and retained (15888.9%) in the soil, though the amount of oil leached is inversely proportional to the amount retained as affected by different rainfall intensities considered in this work. Additionally, it was observed that rainfall intensity increases as the amount of oil leached decreases at higher soil depth while the amount of oil retained increases at lower soil depth. However, the significance of the impact of the different rainfall intensities is dependent on the soil depth. CONCLUSION: The regression coefficient was found to be 72 % for waste oil retained and 67 % for the leached amount, hence the quadratic model developed in this study, demonstrated a higher accuracy for %retained rather than the amount of oil leached. However, this implies that the model is reliable, dependable, effective and accurate and thus recommended for use.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
S. Salehi; F. Gholamreza Fahimi; Masoud Kiadaliri; A. Tavana; K. Saeb
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recycling and reusing construction and demolition debris is a productive step toward solving this problem. Still, the recycling process also leaves industrial effluents, which is evident in producing recycled sand. The present research has investigated the environmental effects ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Recycling and reusing construction and demolition debris is a productive step toward solving this problem. Still, the recycling process also leaves industrial effluents, which is evident in producing recycled sand. The present research has investigated the environmental effects of recycling construction debris at sand recycling plants. Considering the negative impacts of sand washing mud produced at the plant in the Aab'Ali Landfill of Tehran in Iran, the material's physicochemical characteristics and environmental impact have also been investigated to regulate practices. METHODS: The Environmental Impact Assessment has been carried out in physicochemical, biological, socio-cultural, and economic-technical areas. Due to the large dispersion of the studied soil and the composition diversity in each sampling, 30 samples of the sand washing mud and the material mixed with the surrounding soil have been collected. The exploitation phase during the factory construction plan's implementation stage was considered the current research's main phase. Hence, 13 micro activities and 23 environmental parameters were identified, and the results were analyzed in the Environmental Impact Assessment Plus Software using the Iranian Leopold Matrix method and discussed based on the results of the experiments.FINDINGS: According to the results of the matrix calculation, the three micro-activities included washing the sand through a sand-washing machine, fine sand washing through the EvoWash machine with a score of -3.6, converting concrete pieces and large boulders into smaller pieces by jackhammers, transferring to the jaw crusher machine with a score of -2.8, and transferring the remaining sand washing mud produced by the EvoWash machine to the storage pond with a score of -2.7 had the most negative effects. The three micro-activities of waste processing for green space irrigation (+2.2), selling products (+0.9), and hiring employees with a score of +0.5 have the most positive effects on the environment. As ranking smaller than -31 forming 50% of the total average of rows and columns, the activity of the plant and the sand extraction process in this landfill is approved by providing modification alternatives.CONCLUSION: Considering the positive impact on the economy, increasing green spaces in the region, job creation, and also reducing the amount of increasing debris accumulated in the landfill is evaluated positively and can be done considering the reforms; including the prevention of releasing remnant sand washing mud freely and recycling it instead. Reusing the sand washing mud requires improving the water purification systems used in the EvoWash machine.
Human capital in urban management
S.S. Madani; H. Kamelnia; A. Ghalehnovi
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is important because of their impact on preserving the city's identity and urban integrity, as well as their hidden capabilities and values. In recent years, one of the adaptive reuse projects in existing factories around the world and also ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Adaptive reuse of heritage buildings is important because of their impact on preserving the city's identity and urban integrity, as well as their hidden capabilities and values. In recent years, one of the adaptive reuse projects in existing factories around the world and also in Iran is transforming them into innovation centers. Thus, it is necessary to investigate the effective indicators of designing innovation centers and adapting the industrial heritage buildings to these criteria. This study aims to investigate and prioritize the criteria and indicators of designing innovation centers with industrial heritage renovation.METHODS: The current study is performed in two phases. First, the related literature was studied and criteria regarding industrial heritage and innovation centers were distinguished. In the next phase, post-occupancy evaluation of two cases of innovation centers in Tehran and Mashhad (Azadi innovation factory and Mashhad innovation factory) was carried out and the results were gained by applying structural equation modeling method using SmartPLS software. Thus, users’ satisfaction level of these criteria and the importance of each criterion from the users' point of view were investigated.FINDINGS: The results revealed that, for designing innovation centers in industrial heritage sites, four main criteria such as environment, technology and energy, aesthetics and socio-cultural could be discussed. According to the presented structural equation modeling, according to users’ opinion, environment criteria with Path coefficients of 0.4 in both cases is the most important factor while technology criteria with Path coefficients of 0.3 ranks after it. The factor loadings show that attention should be paid to the appropriate dimensions of work spaces (0.8), flexible and appropriate furniture (0.7-0.9), and providing service areas (0.8). Also, creating a sense of place and increasing productivity and improving social interactions were very important from the users' point of view while designing adaptively reused heritage as innovation centers.CONCLUSION: For designing innovation centers the environment criteria are more important in users’ opinion and more attention should be paid to greenery, space and mass and access to the complex. The environmental comfort factors for users are also of high importance and the users’ satisfaction level reveals that in these two cases users are almost satisfied with the design.
Sustainable urban infrastructure
C.M. Torres Navas; J.C. Musa Wasil; K. Malave Llamas; C. Morales Agrinzoni
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The destruction of urban areas has caused environmental, social and economic problems. One of these areas was identified in the Municipality of Humacao, on the east coast of Puerto Rico. This land is vast and unused, Fulladosa farm, located in the urban area of the Municipality ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The destruction of urban areas has caused environmental, social and economic problems. One of these areas was identified in the Municipality of Humacao, on the east coast of Puerto Rico. This land is vast and unused, Fulladosa farm, located in the urban area of the Municipality of Humacao. It is suggested to create an eco-park in this place to restore this green space and help improve the environment. METHODS: The collection of information through public documents offered information related to the study area. Through a physical spatial analysis, the strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats of the study area could be obtained. This technique made it possible to identify areas with development potential to create an eco-park. Management strategies were developed for the development of the eco-park. Sustainable aspects were analysed to assess the viability of establishing an eco-park on the Fulladosa farm. FINDINGS: The Fulladosa farm, located on Almodóvar Final Street in Barrio Cataño, has a high-density residential rating. According to the joint regulation, the use of parks in classified plots as high-density housing is not allowed. Therefore, a location query must be used to submit the project to the Licensing and Approval Office. Finally, it was found that the study area is prone to flooding. Flood insurance is also required, and the municipality must obtain the elevation certification required by the Federal Emergency Management Agency. CONCLUSION:The creation of this eco-park can provide environmental education, community interaction and recreational spaces. Completion of this project will generally provide environmental, social and economic benefits to the community.
Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
M. Memarianfard; A. Mostafa Hatami; M. Memarianfard; M. Ajam
Abstract
In many industrialized areas, the highest concentration of particulate matter, as a major concern on public health, is being felt worldwide problem. Since the air pollution assessment and its evaluation with considering spatial dispersion analysis because of various factors are complex, in this paper, ...
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In many industrialized areas, the highest concentration of particulate matter, as a major concern on public health, is being felt worldwide problem. Since the air pollution assessment and its evaluation with considering spatial dispersion analysis because of various factors are complex, in this paper, GIS-based modeling approach was utilized to zoning PM2.5 dispersion over Tehran, during one year, from 21 March 2014 to 20 March 2015. The RBF method was applied to obtain the zoning maps and determining the highest concentration of PM2.5 in the 22 Tehran’s regions for each season. The RMSEmin values according to the number of neighbors and types of functions in the radial basis function method, including completely regularized spline, Spline with tension, Multiquadric function, Inverse multiquadric function, and Thin-plate spline for each month have been assessed. By performing analysis on the errors, the numbers of neighbors were estimated. The numbers of neighbors in the model for each function were varied from 2 to 30. The results indicate that the models with 3 and 4 neighbors have the best performance with the lowest RMSE values with using RBF method. The highest PM2.5 concentrations have been occurred in the summer and winter especially at the center, south, and in some cases at northeast of the city.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
G. P. Massawe
Abstract
Urban development is rapidly expanding across the globe and is a major driver of environmental change. It is important to understand how bird species responds to urbanization. Therefore I conducted a qualitative study of birds associated with waste sites such as dumpsite and sewage stabilization ponds ...
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Urban development is rapidly expanding across the globe and is a major driver of environmental change. It is important to understand how bird species responds to urbanization. Therefore I conducted a qualitative study of birds associated with waste sites such as dumpsite and sewage stabilization ponds was carried out on Moshi municipal. The study assessed the diversity between dumpsite and sewage stabilization ponds using the “Timed species count” method. A total of 15 bird families and 17 species were recorded at both sites. 13 species in 12 bird families at dumpsite and 14 species in 13 bird families at sewage stabilization pond were recorded respectively. There was significant difference in species diversity within the two sites (p<0.05) because of good breeding sites at sewage stabilization ponds which include a wide variety of resources, high productivity and moderate levels of disturbance compared to dumpsite. This study was carried out to enhance conservation awareness. These site serve as biodiversity reservoirs, urban planners should involve interdisciplinary team to make decisions from an ecological perspective when designing urban areas. From this micro-survey It is worth concluding that waste stabilization ponds contains number of resource that attracts bird’s species, as birds are bio indicators of ecosystem health.
Urban social and cultural welfare
P. Partheeban; R. Rani Hemamalini; B. Shanthini
Abstract
Recently, indoor air quality has attracted the attention of policymakers and researchers as a critical issue like that of external air pollution. Indoor air quality is more important as people spend time longer indoors than outdoors. Indoor environments are closed compared to external environments providing ...
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Recently, indoor air quality has attracted the attention of policymakers and researchers as a critical issue like that of external air pollution. Indoor air quality is more important as people spend time longer indoors than outdoors. Indoor environments are closed compared to external environments providing less opportunity for the pollutants to dilute. The emissions contain many substances that are harmful to humans when exposed for a prolonged period or to certain levels of concentration. Internet of Things (IoT) technology is best and low-cost method of measuring air pollution. This paper proposes an IoT technology for an indoor air quality monitoring system to monitor urban homes. The pollution level observed in the Kodungayur (location 8) and Manali (location 9) exceeds the standards. Maximum outdoor pollution observed value of CO, SO2, NO2 and PM.25 are 9.2, 0.135, 0.102 and 0.215 respectively. Similarly, the indoor pollution levels are varying from 10% to 15 % lesser than that of the outdoor pollution values. The percentage of error varied from – 2.94% to + 2.94%. The percentage of error is within ± 5%, which shows its robustness. Outdoor air pollution does not influence indoor air pollution is the result of this study.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
M. Sabet Teimouri; H. Mobini
Abstract
Achieving sustainable development for managers and urban planning requires a systemic attitude to various urban issues and phenomena and a comprehensive urban development cannot be obtained with a single-dimensional perspective. Hence, in implementing various urban projects, it is necessary to examine ...
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Achieving sustainable development for managers and urban planning requires a systemic attitude to various urban issues and phenomena and a comprehensive urban development cannot be obtained with a single-dimensional perspective. Hence, in implementing various urban projects, it is necessary to examine the interactions of these projects with the surrounding environment and to assess their impact on the economic, social and environmental situations. Over the years, many renovation projects have been carried out in Iran; results were mainly the insecurity and expansion of environmental contaminants due to demolition, while changing the urban timeworn textures into a mixed project, especially the type of modern market, can be considered as a tourist attraction in a region. The type of present study is descriptive-analytic, which was done through documentary studies and questionnaire. The area of the project was the immediate area of the project and the perimeter area and the stakeholder survey was conducted using cluster-class sampling. Results of this study indicated the prevalence of diseases caused by severe environmental pollution and dust, the increase of sound, visual and environmental pollution during the implementation of the project.
Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
S. Arsalan; A. Imran; A. Khawar; F. Imran; Z. Faiz; S.E. Razzaq; S.S. Razzaq
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As the population grows on the earth, transport and industrial sector have become the main parameters whose emissions increase pollutants like greenhouse gasses that have a snowballing impact on urban air quality and life in the area. This study aims to analyze the emission ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As the population grows on the earth, transport and industrial sector have become the main parameters whose emissions increase pollutants like greenhouse gasses that have a snowballing impact on urban air quality and life in the area. This study aims to analyze the emission of greenhouse gases in the highly urbanized city of Karachi through Geographic information technique. METHODS: This study used the Inverse distance weighted technique of Geographic information system to highlight the emission of greenhouse gases in ten different sites of Karachi, Pakistan. Target areas include Baloch colony, Clifton, Civic center, Garden police headquarters, II Chundrigar, Karimabad, Korangi, Nazimabad, SITE area and SUPARCO. FINDING: Results showed that Baloch colony, Korangi, Nazimabad, SITE area and Garden police headquarter lies in the highly polluted areas among these ten sites of Karachi city. Karimabad with moderate pollution, II Chundriger and SUPARCO with low pollution rate and Clifton had very low pollution. CONCLUSION: As all of the observed ten sites of the city have dense populations with heavy traffic and industrial pollution, there is a need to take serious steps towards areas indicated in this study to safeguard the people from the effects of GHG emission. With the help of this study the general population and all concerned authorities with highly polluted areas, can be familiarized so that efficient and different ways to overcome the pollution, like plantation, can be applied.
Sustainable urban infrastructure
S.Sh. Hossain; H. Delin; M. Mingying
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tariff policy has a significant impact on a country's economic progress. The primary objective of this paper was to describe the construction of the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and then analyze the economic impacts among simulated countries by introducing policy ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Tariff policy has a significant impact on a country's economic progress. The primary objective of this paper was to describe the construction of the Computable General Equilibrium (CGE) model and then analyze the economic impacts among simulated countries by introducing policy shocks like increases and decreases in tariffs. METHODS: Tariff reductions resulted in an increase in intraregional and interregional trade, which is expected to spur long-term investment and economic growth. To examine the economic implications in multiple ways, this article initially used a tariff removal scenario and subsequently increased the tariff. The relationship between production, activity, elements, and other economic sectors of regions was depicted in this paper using a computational general equilibrium model based on the global trade analysis project model. FINDINGS: The simulation resulted in a lower tariff having a beneficial influence on Korea's economic growth compared to other countries. In the agricultural and processed food sectors, Korea's trade balance improved dramatically, with exports and imports continuing high, while exports and imports in the manufacturing and service sectors declined. In contrast to other countries, Korea's processed food output surged by 198%. Finally, in comparison to other countries, Korea's welfare grew by $ US currency 17.56 billion. On the other hand, the trade balance between China and the United States fell by $US currency 6.25 billion and $US currency 7.95 billion, respectively. Korea's trade balance increased considerably, rising by $ 21.78 billion in US currency. Korea's GDP fell by about 0.8%, while China's dropped by nearly 0.3%. Other countries' gross domestic product changed slightly. CONCLUSION: The influence of various tariff policies on countries is examined in this research paper. Computational general equilibrium analysis of tariff policies in the agriculture, processed food, infrastructure, manufacturing, and service sectors has gotten little attention in the past, so this paper used the Global trade analysis project model to try to fill in the gaps and find the benefits of mutual economic policy among countries.
Human capital in urban management
U. Udin
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The leadership styles in higher education, especially public universities, face enormous challenges in handling global situations, i.e., the Covid-19 pandemic. The current dataset of this study aims to verify how transformational leadership is more effective in influencing ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The leadership styles in higher education, especially public universities, face enormous challenges in handling global situations, i.e., the Covid-19 pandemic. The current dataset of this study aims to verify how transformational leadership is more effective in influencing organizational citizenship behavior through knowledge-based work passion. Individuals with a high level of knowledge-based work passion are able to feel happiness, pride, and pleasure, and are totally involved and make sense of their work. In addition, they also show highly positive emotions toward the people around them and are happy to assist them.METHODS: Structural equation modeling (SEM) with AMOS 21.0 software is used to analyze the data collected from 221 professional lecturers utilizing a purposive sampling technique from a total of 1,242 lecturers in Southeast Sulawesi, Indonesia public universities. The loading values of the survey instrument, composite reliability, and average variance extracted are tested to justify reliability and convergent validity for the measurement model in this study.FINDINGS: The results show that transformational leadership positively and significantly affects knowledge-based work passion (β = 0.568, C.R. = 6.536; ρ < 0.001) but not organizational citizenship behavior (β = 0.061, C.R. = 0.608; ρ > 0.001). In addition, knowledge-based work passion directly has a positive and significant effect on organizational citizenship behavior (β = 0.696, C.R. = 3.571; ρ > 0.001). Further, the mechanism effect of transformational leadership on organizational citizenship behavior through knowledge-based work passion was tested. The result indicates the mediating role of knowledge-based work passion (β = 0.395, ρ > 0.001) in the relationship between transformational leadership and organizational citizenship behavior. CONCLUSION: This study contributes significantly to organizational management practices, especially in the field of education, by identifying how transformational leadership improves organizational citizenship behavior through knowledge-based work passion. When individuals recognize their leaders as transformational, they are more likely to behave and engage in volunteering for extra tasks, having a positive work environment, feeling more connected to the organization and being flexible in their duties.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
H. Samari; S. Delangizan; K. Soheili
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to the path of economic growth theories, especially the introduction of endogenous growth theories to address the shortcomings of extrinsic theories, the economic systems in order to achieve long-term economic growth goals need to drive stimuli and improve endogenous ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to the path of economic growth theories, especially the introduction of endogenous growth theories to address the shortcomings of extrinsic theories, the economic systems in order to achieve long-term economic growth goals need to drive stimuli and improve endogenous components that originate, crystallize, and evolve within these systems. Some endogenous growth models have stated that one country could be more successful than another if it devoted more resources to innovation. So today, the study of how to create innovation in various economic systems has become a challenging issue in the world’s economic circles.METHODS: Using the Meta- synthesis method, 19645 sources were collected between 1997 and March 2020 related to the urban innovation system, and after 7 steps and classification of resources, finally, 10 sources were selected and based on the coding method, the ten mentioned sources were coded. The estimated kappa coefficient indicates the reliability of the selected codes.FINDINGS: The paradigm model of the urban innovation system was extracted based on the performed codes. This model can be used as a pivotal model in future studies.CONCLUSION: An innovation system that can be implemented and applied in urban geography overcomes many urban, regional, and even national problems. Since this study examines the theory of Urban Innovation System, it can be expected that the results of this study can bring a positive step to determine the specifications and measures needed to create, sustain, and expand urban innovation systems.
Urban social and cultural welfare
M. Azarnoush; E. Esfanjari Kenari; A. Ghaffari; A. Pereira Roders
Abstract
Community relocation could be voluntary or forced, but such change in the composition of inhabitants can endanger the historic urban context and its cultural significance. So, finding the answer to these questions is crucial: What are the main factors for relocation in historic urban contexts, and are ...
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Community relocation could be voluntary or forced, but such change in the composition of inhabitants can endanger the historic urban context and its cultural significance. So, finding the answer to these questions is crucial: What are the main factors for relocation in historic urban contexts, and are these areas affected differently? This paper presented and discussed the results of a systematic literature review of international English-language publications. Databases such as Scopus, ICOMOS Open Archive, and UNESCO digital library were investigated to reveal the main factors for community relocation in the historic urban contexts. Results revealed a frequent focus in metropolitan regions and major cities worldwide between 1987 and 2021. The multiplicity of non-environmental relocation factors was also noticeable. Despite the commonalities of factors for community relocation worldwide, the type and effect of the relocation differed between the historic urban context and other urban contexts. The interaction of two main factors, namely economics and policies, was found to affect the process of community relocation in the historic urban context the most. Forced relocation was more predominant than voluntary relocation in historic urban contexts. However, the existing relations between internal and external factors that drive relocation must be further investigated. This research identified and charted how the local community relocation in historic urban contexts that are reflected in scholars’ publications. It also defined a theoretical framework on the factors of community relocation in these contexts and their interrelation, which is vital for both urban and heritage studies as well as planning practices.
Human capital in urban management
E.G Claudio
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The accreditation process is pivotal to ensuring high educational standards, but it often faces various challenges. The innovative study seeks not only to identify these hindrances in the accreditation process within Philippine educational institutions but also to map out the ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The accreditation process is pivotal to ensuring high educational standards, but it often faces various challenges. The innovative study seeks not only to identify these hindrances in the accreditation process within Philippine educational institutions but also to map out the countermeasures employed. The study uniquely delves into the perceptions of diverse stakeholders - administrators, faculty, staff, and students - providing a comprehensive, multi-perspective view of the barriers to accreditation. The objective is to explore these perceptions, assess their alignment, and thereby create a more effective, stakeholder-informed strategy for accreditation processes. This novel approach is designed to optimize institutional performance and bolster educational quality, marking our study's distinctive contribution to the field. METHODS: A descriptive survey method was employed in this study. The sample comprised administrators, faculty, staff, and students from various schools. A self-constructed questionnaire that was validated and were to gather data on hindrances faced by the schools during the accreditation process, and the measures taken to address them. Descriptive statistics were used to analyze the data, and ANOVA was performed to identify any significant differences in the perceptions of the respondents. FINDINGS: The results revealed several categories of hindrances, with administration, faculty, instruction, laboratory, library, and physical facilities emerging as the key areas of concern. Financial aspects in administration and faculty development programs in the faculty category were the most significant hindrances. Other notable hindrances included measuring student progress in the instruction category, sufficiency of facilities in the laboratory category, organizational structure of libraries, and room lighting in the physical plant category. No significant differences were found in the perceptions of administrators, faculty, staff, and students regarding accreditation hindrances, indicating a shared understanding of these challenges. CONCLUSION: This study examines the hindrances to accreditation and the steps educational institutions have taken to overcome them. Prioritizing these challenges is vital for continuous improvement and educational quality. Investment in competent administrators and funding is crucial for problem-solving. Creative service formulation aids in overcoming hindrances and achieving accreditation. The study provides insights into stakeholders' perceptions of accreditation challenges, helping schools enhance performance and reputation, benefiting students and the broader community.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
M.M. Raeesi
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The concept of familiarity (taarof) is one underlying concept of an Islamic city, which has received less attention. Adherence to this concept that is adopted from Quranic teachings has a considerable influence on the neighboring or neighborhood concept. However, the evolutions ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The concept of familiarity (taarof) is one underlying concept of an Islamic city, which has received less attention. Adherence to this concept that is adopted from Quranic teachings has a considerable influence on the neighboring or neighborhood concept. However, the evolutions in the contemporary Iranian community have left this concept in serious challenges over recent decades, causing underlying developments in the concept of neighborhood. This study investigates the advent of challenges threatening the familiarity concept in terms of evolutions in the contemporary history of Iran, particularly in terms of the contemporary political economy of Iran to find how these changes and developments in the political economy have threatened and weakened the concept of familiarity in contemporary Iranian city.MATERIALS AND METHODS: This study is based on the library-documentary method in terms of data collection, and is based on the logical reason in terms of data analysis and judgment. Logical reasoning encompasses a wide spectrum from computer programs and formulas to cultural discourses and theses, and this study comprises the cultural discourse extreme of this spectrum.FINDINGS: According to the results of this study, some political economy developments in the contemporary history of Iran, including land reforms, municipalities income generation system, injecting the oil revenue into metropolises, and lack of adherence to principles of land-use planning have led to the advent of the concept of displacement (or relocation) and permanent population changes and migration from rural to urban areas or inside the urban areas (especially in metropolises). Subsequently, such severe population changes have resulted in a weakened concept of familiarity threatening the neighborhood concept.CONCLUSION: The most important requirement for deepening neighboring relationships and stabilizing the concept of familiarity in the contemporary Iranian city is revising macro-policies of political economy to stabilize the citizens’ settlement in the place they are living by adopting appropriate policies, so this stabilization would lead to longer neighboring relations and deepen the familiarity and familiarity between neighbors. In this case, the issue of displacement can be somewhat solved, and the social harms caused by the weak concept of familiarity can be eliminated in contemporary Iranian cities.
Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
B. Akbari Neisiani; S.M. Seyedan; A. Hadian
Abstract
Every year, many accidents leading to physical injuries in kindergartens, indicates that a very large percentage of them are related to the safety concerns and lack of hygiene in these places. Families, due to their busy life style and working hours and also children needs of preschool education, are ...
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Every year, many accidents leading to physical injuries in kindergartens, indicates that a very large percentage of them are related to the safety concerns and lack of hygiene in these places. Families, due to their busy life style and working hours and also children needs of preschool education, are searching to find most suitable kindergartens for their children. Selecting a kindergarten with various suitable training programs, although very important criteria for selection, but is not sufficient. Indicators such as health, safety and environment issues in these places must be crucial factors in this decision making. Child safety and health management system is an integrated system, derived from health, safety and environmental management regulations which helps the kindergartens complies with relevant regulations to reduce the number of accidents occurrence. The present case study has tried, by using failure modes and effects analysis method and child safety and health management system to find the best practicable indicators to assess the relative impact of different failures in order to identify the parts of the process that are most in need of change. In this regards, 10 semi-governmental kindergartens located in Tehran District 6 of Tehran Municipality, which are supervised by municipality of Tehran were selected and evaluated. The results showed that according to the child safety and health management system and failure modes and effects analysis, all these places need massive infrastructural changes according to the preventive action list in order to be considered a safe and hygienic place for the children.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
M. Sattarzad Fathi; F. Heidari
Abstract
The physical identity in the urban areas can be considered as a concept which is influenced by the way of arranging the urban body. As a matter of fact, the appropriate coordination and the compatibility of physical components, such as the urban façades, can definitely facilitate the reorganization ...
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The physical identity in the urban areas can be considered as a concept which is influenced by the way of arranging the urban body. As a matter of fact, the appropriate coordination and the compatibility of physical components, such as the urban façades, can definitely facilitate the reorganization of the urban environment for being more identifiable; this issue is so obvious in the historical Iranian cities which have proper identities in their physical structures. Nowadays, the dominance of contradictory approaches and the absence of a convenient orientation have unfortunately produced inadequate urban façades and have annihilated the physical identity in Iranian cities. Also, the process of globalization and elimination of the cultural differences have greatly undermined the possibility of creating the traditional and contextual memories. In fact, the Iranian urban developments with the lack of comprehensive, endemic, and contextual plans and actions, increasingly decline the urban identity in any aspect and dimension. These types of flaws have specifically brought severe problems such as poor beauty, weak legibility, lack of unity, inappropriate physical integrity, etc., which eventually result in the non-identifiable and depersonalized urban bodies. Thereupon, this article needs some visual information which can intuitively assist to scrutinize the deterioration factors of the physical identity in the Iranian cities. Hence, by choosing the field study method is tried to reach some empirical investigation in order to collect the required visual information through photography. Moreover, at the end of this article is attempted to offer several solutions and arrangements for promoting the physical identity and also healing the depersonalization in Iranian cities.
Urban transportation systems and traffic management
A. Edrisi; N. Javanbakht; H. Ganjipour
Abstract
In this study, the manner of private taxis drivers has been investigated for choosing passenger and destination from a fixed point. Therefore, two models called Multinomial and Nested Logit Models have been utilized. The information gained by scrolling in 2016 is the input data, which are in the format ...
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In this study, the manner of private taxis drivers has been investigated for choosing passenger and destination from a fixed point. Therefore, two models called Multinomial and Nested Logit Models have been utilized. The information gained by scrolling in 2016 is the input data, which are in the format of revealed preference, acquired by the verbal interview in Vanak Square in Tehran (Iran). Based on data resulted by 120 questionnaires the selection modeling of passenger and destination was done. The results of the descriptive analysis show that 96.7% of respondents are men and only 3.3% are women. In addition, 15% of them are illiterate, 16.7% have under Diploma degree, 52.5% have Diploma degree and 15.8% have Bachelor degree or higher. On average, the verification was 44%, and the results achieved by this research show that the parameters consisting of searching time, the working time of drivers and the traveling time were the most important factors resulted from the calibration of the Logit models. Nested Logit model has a better performance compared with the Multinomial Logit model. The Nested Logit Model has ρ2=0.45 while this value is 0.35 for the Multinomial Logit Model. Finally, the suitable decision has been made in the various path based on gained results.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
M. Sattarzad Fathi; N. Jahed
Abstract
“Not in My Back Yard”; people shout this when they feel something deleterious and nonlocal will be sprung into existence in their territory by top-down powers. Some believe that NIMBY syndrome provokes parochialism, but parochialism itself can bring many beneficial consequences. Danesh Pedestrian ...
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“Not in My Back Yard”; people shout this when they feel something deleterious and nonlocal will be sprung into existence in their territory by top-down powers. Some believe that NIMBY syndrome provokes parochialism, but parochialism itself can bring many beneficial consequences. Danesh Pedestrian and Bicycle Path- a recent project established on the south rim of Bagh-e-Sib (a vast historic apple orchard) in the Mehrshahr neighborhood- is one of the cases that has been crystallized through NIMBY syndrome. The municipal authorities’ decision on devastating this aged green area and turning it into a mega-scale market place or, who knows, into a highway, faced with radical protests of locals and eventuated the construction of the path. One can call it a win-win situation or maybe a social failure, but regardless of pessimistic and extremist views, it is well known that pedestrian and bicycle accessibilities are two indubitable realities of contemporary urbanism. Therefore, the evaluation of abovementioned path turned to a necessity to realize whether NIMBY is worked in this case, and generally in Iran, or not. This article delves into the subject in two phases, including 1) environmental qualities, 2) public acceptability; and originally follows several questions: has the voice of locals been heard or it was a compulsive decision just for protecting the garden? Is it a social setting or a fraudulent totalitarian exercise of municipal power? Does it meet the needs? Do people like it? How can it be over-promoted? What type of strategies are needed for further development of it?
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
T. Jafarynasab
Abstract
Increasing water demand and reducing its contaminations are the main concerns and challenges for water resource managers and planner due to its limited sources and high value. This study aims to assess and understand the factors which threaten the quality of groundwater resources and to achieve this, ...
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Increasing water demand and reducing its contaminations are the main concerns and challenges for water resource managers and planner due to its limited sources and high value. This study aims to assess and understand the factors which threaten the quality of groundwater resources and to achieve this, samples were taken from 14 active wells in District 3 of the Municipality of Tehran. After categorizing the parameters to distinct measurable groups containing anions (SO4, Cl, NO2, NO3, HCO3, CO3), cations (Mg, Na, k) heavy metals (Ag, Pb, Cd) physical parameters (temperature, color and odor) chemical parameters (Total Dissolved Solid , Electrical conductivity, Total Suspended Solids and pH, the data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) software. The results revealed that excessive amount of nitrate anion in Paidari and Naji station is related to the slope and sandy texture of the wells and also the surrounding area’s soil. Increased cation concentration was visible in Resalat well, which indicated the use of excessive amount of fertilizers containing sodium and also the clay soil texture. Cadmium was the only heavy metal with the concentrations of more than the standard amount. Domestic sewage and surface runoff and also regional geological structure, the lack of appropriate distance between water wells with sewage wells were among other reasons, causing underground water pollution.
Information and communications technology in Urban Management
L. Tavanaei Marvi; M. Behzadfar; S.M. Mofidi Shemirani
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smart cities have been criticized for being too technologically driven and reinforcing entrepreneurial thinking rather than focusing on citizens and social sustainability. This paper aims to “define the implementing principles for Smart Cities in Tehran as a social ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smart cities have been criticized for being too technologically driven and reinforcing entrepreneurial thinking rather than focusing on citizens and social sustainability. This paper aims to “define the implementing principles for Smart Cities in Tehran as a social construct”. In this regard, this study tries to develop smart city indicators and suggest a set of implementing principles for smart cities, citizens, and civic organizations in Tehran. Furthermore, this paper illustrates how in-progress smart city projects are meeting the citizens' needs in 22 districts of Tehran Municipality.METHODS: The present study has used a qualitative and quantitative methodology based on theoretical frameworks. In this paper, Maslow's hierarchy of needs acts as a meta-method for defining the principles of social sustainability to implement smart city projects. First, smart sustainable cities and associated indicators were evaluated based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Second, a case study approach was utilized to assess Tehran’s smart city projects. Finally, the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix techniques were used to define strategies based on internal and external environmental factors and relation to social sustainability.FINDINGS: The results indicated that promoting innovation centers and living labs to create a vibrant, active, and healthy public realm was the most effective strategy for smart city development in Tehran (Weaknesses-Opportunities8=.1.323). Two important additional strategies were “involve stakeholders and focus on people and consider urban residents not only as recipients or users of smart cities but also as designers of smart cities” (Strengths-Opportunities3=1.075) and “promote community involvement in council decision-making by developing interactive platforms” (Strengths-Opportunities8=0.884).CONCLUSION: This paper contributes knowledge on how cities such as Tehran can achieve and implement social sustainability using a smart city approach. Plans and projects for a smart city in Tehran were deemed neither realistic nor sufficiently strategic, and they are assumed to satisfy neither policymakers nor citizens. Social sustainability-based principles and strategies are necessary to incorporate citizen perspectives into Tehran’s smart city plan and policies. The present study adds several significant insights to the existing frameworks for implementing smart city frameworks in Tehran.
