International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In the context of rapid urbanization, Algerian cities face significant challenges, particularly in resource management, urban mobility, and enhancing citizens' quality of life. This article examines the emergence of the smart city concept as a promising solution to address these urgent issues. By leveraging information and communication technologies, this innovative model aims to create more efficient urban environments.
METHODS: The study focuses on the smart city concept, particularly its application in Algeria. A comprehensive analysis of the technological, economic, social, and political dimensions was conducted to identify the factors that have impeded the effective implementation of urban modernization reforms in the country. The research included a survey, supplemented by interviews with key industry players, providing qualitative data on the obstacles encountered.
FINDINGS: The analysis reveals that, while some major cities have made significant progress, the implementation of smart city initiatives in Algeria remains limited and often ineffective. Key obstacles identified include insufficient technological infrastructure, significant economic constraints, low levels of citizen participation, and political challenges. These factors have hindered the sustainable and inclusive development of Algerian cities, thus limiting the potential of information and communication technologies to improve citizens' quality of life.
CONCLUSION: In summary, this study offers insights into the necessary steps to harness the potential of smart cities for the benefit of Algerian society. To overcome the identified challenges, it is essential to adopt an integrated approach that promotes collaboration among various stakeholders, strengthens infrastructure, and encourages citizen engagement. By doing so, Algeria could not only enhance urban management but also promote sustainable and inclusive development, which is essential for addressing the challenges posed by rapid urbanization.

Abstract Contemporary urban centers, including Tehran, the capital of Iran, are grappling with complex challenges such as institutional fragmentation, data scarcity, and a decline in citizen engagement, which underscore the need for innovative approaches to urban governance. This article explores the potential of gamification—the application of game design elements in non-game contexts—as a strategic tool to enhance citizen participation in Tehran's urban policymaking and management processes. By leveraging elements such as points, competition, progress levels, and rewards, gamification can transform traditional, often opaque and formal, policymaking into a more appealing, transparent, and accessible experience for a broader public. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the foundational concepts of gamification, analyze its impact on the quality of urban policy decisions and implementation, and propose practical, context-specific strategies for its successful application in Tehran. Through a detailed examination of successful global case studies, including CityScopeAR in the United States, ParmoSense in Japan, and Game.UP in Germany and Austria, this research analyzes the potential for local adaptation and alignment of these approaches with Tehran's unique socio-cultural needs and existing infrastructure. The findings suggest that a well-designed gamification framework can not only significantly increase citizen participation rates but also generate valuable data for evidence-based policymaking, foster a stronger sense of community belonging, and empower citizens to assume a more proactive role in shaping their city's future. Ultimately, this research provides a comprehensive and actionable set of recommendations for Tehran's urban management to strengthen smart and participatory governance in the Iranian capital.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVE: Krishnagiri is a significant hub for mango cultivation, primarily producing varieties like 'Banginapalli,' 'Alphonso,' and 'Thothapuri.' Despite the region’s favorable agro-climatic conditions, mango farming faces several challenges, including climate variability, inadequate infrastructure, and limited technology adoption. This study aims to analyze the dynamics of the mango supply chain in Krishnagiri, focusing on technology adoption, market access, infrastructure challenges, and government policies, with the primary objectives of identifying key barriers, assessing technology usage, and recommending interventions to enhance supply chain efficiency.
METHODS: A mixed-methods methodology was employed, combining quantitative, qualitative, and mixed-methods analyses. Quantitative data were collected through structured surveys with 150 mango farmers, 80 traders, and 30 government officials. The survey included Likert-scale and multiple-choice questions covering technology adoption, market access, and infrastructure. Qualitative data were gathered through in-depth interviews, focus group discussions, and field visits, providing deeper insights into stakeholder perceptions and challenges. Statistical tools like the Statistical Package for the Social Sciences and Excel were used for data analysis.
RESULTS: The results show that 60% of farmers sell locally, 25% engage in export, and 15% rely on intermediaries. Technology use is low, with 68% reporting minimal digital tool adoption and only 12% using the Internet of Things or blockchain. Barriers to adoption affect 58%, with cost being the main issue for 40%. Infrastructure gaps are significant: 70% report inadequate cold storage, and 65% face transport issues like delays and poor roads, contributing to post-harvest losses. Water scarcity affects 62% due to groundwater overuse, and 45% report pest issues, mainly fruit flies and powdery mildew. Policy feedback is mixed, with 52% viewing government policies as effective while 48% cite poor local implementation. Encouragingly, 78% are willing to adopt new technologies if subsidized. Smart tech adoption remains low (mean 33.6%, benefit 27.4%, variance 32.64 and 31.04), and 55.6% are affected by logistics issues (severe impact variance 69.04). Farmer engagement shows high inconsistency (variance 356.9 vs. traders’ 236.97), with positively skewed data emphasizing the need for targeted support.
CONCLUSION: The conclusion should highlight the importance of promoting digital tools and smart technologies, increasing Internet of Things and blockchain adoption (12%) through subsidies and digital literacy. By deploying smart logistics, it must address infrastructure gaps, with 70% lacking cold storage and 65% facing transport delays. Enhancing market access beyond local sales (60%) via Information and Communication Technology linkages is vital. Policy support through subsidies, awareness, and local implementation is needed. Future research should assess long-term tech adoption and policy impacts on urban resilience and smallholder sustainability.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: As artificial intelligence increasingly transforms business potential, its adoption in small businesses has become a growing interest. This study explores college students’ perceptions of artificial intelligence in the context of small businesses, comparing insights from Kuwait and Malaysia. With small businesses playing a pivotal role in the economic growth of both countries, understanding how future employees perceive artificial intelligence can provide valuable guidance for educators, entrepreneurs, and policymakers. The research aims to investigate key factors such as artificial intelligence awareness, perceived benefits and challenges, willingness to adopt artificial intelligence technologies, and the perceived effectiveness of artificial intelligence in improving business operations. In addition, a bibliometric analysis was conducted to compare the research trends and national emphasis on artificial intelligence in business within the two countries.
METHODS: A quantitative research approach was employed using a structured survey distributed to a total of 834 university students from Kuwait and Malaysia. The survey collected data on various dimensions, including artificial intelligence awareness, perceived utility, anticipated challenges, and readiness to engage with artificial intelligence in small business settings. The data were statistically analyzed to determine significant differences and similarities across the two national contexts. Also, a bibliometric analysis was carried out to explore the scholarly output and collaboration trends related to artificial intelligence and business in both countries.
FINDINGS: Statistical analysis of the survey data from 834 students (433 from Malaysia and 401 from Kuwait) revealed high mean scores across all constructs, ranging from 3.90 to 4.08 on a 5-point Likert scale, indicating overall positive perceptions of AI’s role in small businesses. Independent-samples t-tests showed no significant differences (p > 0.05) between the two countries regarding AI awareness, perceived benefits, anticipated challenges, willingness to adopt AI, and perceived impact on SMEs. Reliability coefficients (Cronbach’s α) for the constructs ranged from 0.73 to 0.86, confirming internal consistency. Additionally, bibliometric analysis showed that Malaysia produced 105 relevant publications from 2010–2024, with 1,872 total citations, while Kuwait produced 10 publications from 2018–2024, with 234 citations. Despite fewer publications, Kuwait demonstrated higher average citations per paper (23.4 vs. 17.83), indicating a high-impact research contribution.
CONCLUSION: This study underscores the universal recognition of artificial intelligence's value in small businesses among young professionals in Kuwait and Malaysia. The findings highlight the need for context-sensitive policies, focused artificial intelligence education, and hands-on support mechanisms for small enterprises. Cross-cultural collaboration and targeted research initiatives are recommended to responsibly harness artificial intelligence’s potential and drive sustainable innovation in the small business sector.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The management of high-level nuclear waste is a pressing global challenge, with over 400,000 metric tons in temporary storage worldwide. International disputes frequently arise due to disagreements over site selection, cost allocation, environmental risks, and long-term liability, often leading to negotiation deadlocks. Existing governance frameworks lack structured mechanisms to balance the competing objectives of multiple stakeholders, including waste-producing ("Disposer") nations and potentially affected ("Affected") nations. This paper aims to resolve these transboundary nuclear waste treatment conflicts by developing a hybrid analytical model that integrates Game Theory to model strategic interactions and the ε-Multi-Objective Evolutionary Algorithm (ε-MOEA) to find optimal solutions that balance competing goals such as cost, environmental safety, and economic benefits.
METHODS: This manuscript employs a combined Game Theory and computational algorithm approach to resolve international nuclear waste disputes. Game Theory models the conflict between two player types: disposer countries (waste producers) and affected countries (those impacted by disposal). Each player has specific goals, strategies, and costs, with the model seeking a Nash Equilibrium-a stable agreement where no country can unilaterally improve its outcome. Due to the problem's high complexity with multiple competing objectives, the study utilizes the ε-MOEA optimization algorithm. This algorithm efficiently explores millions of possible strategy combinations to identify optimal compromises, balancing outcomes to ensure fair and practical solutions for all involved countries.
FINDINGS: Computational experiments compared ε-MOEA against other multi-objective algorithms (NSGA-II, NSGA-III, PESA2, VEGA). The key finding was that all algorithms converged to the same optimal fitness value (-5280.33), demonstrating the model's robustness in identifying a stable equilibrium. However, ε-MOEA achieved this result with the shortest and most stable runtime (approximately 5.00 seconds per iteration), significantly outperforming other algorithms in computational efficiency. This indicates that ε-MOEA is particularly well-suited for solving this complex, high-dimensional problem efficiently, providing a diverse set of Pareto-optimal solutions for policymakers to evaluate trade-offs.
CONCLUSION: A hybrid Game theory and ε-MOEA framework effectively resolves international nuclear waste conflicts by modeling strategic interactions and optimizing for multiple objectives. This scalable approach identifies stable, fair agreements that balance the interests of both producing and affected nations, supporting sustainable international governance. Future work should focus on improving computational efficiency for larger numbers of players.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The rapid growth of social media has significantly influenced tourist behavior, presenting an opportunity to promote responsible tourism. However, limited studies have explored the factors influencing tourists’ intention to use social media for responsible tourism. This study integrates the Technology Acceptance Model and Source Credibility Theory to examine key determinants affecting tourists' behavioral intentions.
METHODS: A quantitative research approach was adopted, utilizing an online survey to collect data from 400 Thai tourists using social media. Partial Least Squares Structural Equation Modeling was employed to analyze the relationships between Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Expertise, and Trustworthiness on the intention to use social media for responsible tourism.
FINDINGS: The results indicate that Perceived Usefulness, Perceived Ease of Use, Expertise, and Trustworthiness all have a significant and positive influence on tourists’ intention to utilize social media for responsible tourism. The structural model demonstrated strong explanatory power with a coefficient of determination value of 0.701, supporting the relevance of the proposed framework. These findings highlight the crucial role of social media in promoting responsible tourism and provide valuable insights for developing targeted interventions and awareness campaigns to foster sustainable tourism practices.
CONCLUSION: This study provides empirical evidence supporting the integration of the Technology Acceptance Model and Source Credibility Theory in explaining social media adoption for responsible tourism. This study serves as a foundation for advancing conceptual models and frameworks to support responsible tourism.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: In an increasingly interconnected world, nations compete through economic and military power and strategic promotion of their ideas, values, and cultural narratives. As global influence becomes more reliant on soft power, countries face the challenge of shaping international perceptions to foster cooperation, attract alliances, and strengthen their national identity. However, in an era of information saturation and geopolitical tensions, effectively communicating a nation's core principles is more complex than ever. This paper examines the critical role of international idea promotion in shaping a country’s reputation and global standing. It argues that deliberately disseminating national values, political philosophies, and cultural identity can counter misinformation, bridge ideological divides, and enhance diplomatic relations. By understanding the mechanisms behind this process, nations can craft their global image more effectively, reinforcing trust and cooperation in an increasingly competitive international landscape.
METHODS: This study adopts a qualitative case study approach to examine the strategic promotion of international ideas and their impact on national reputation and identity. Data is collected through an in-depth analysis of selected cases where nations have actively engaged in diplomatic initiatives, international collaborations, cultural exchange programs, and strategic media campaigns to shape global perceptions. This research explores patterns, strategies, and outcomes associated with international idea promotion by focusing on specific examples. The study employs purposive sampling, selecting cases that provide rich insights into successful and unsuccessful efforts in projecting national values and narratives. The population of this study includes governmental agencies, cultural institutions, and media organizations involved in soft power diplomacy. Through qualitative content analysis, the research identifies key themes and strategies that contribute to effective global influence. This methodological approach allows for a nuanced understanding of how nations navigate the complexities of international idea dissemination.
FINDINGS: International idea promotion is crucial in shaping core values, enhancing cultural communication, and strengthening national images. It fosters cross-cultural exchanges, promotes core values like democracy and freedom, and drives policy innovation and cooperation.
CONCLUSION: This study emphasizes the role of international idea promotion in strengthening core values, fostering cross-cultural understanding, and shaping national identities. Policymakers should focus on promoting values like human rights and sustainability through cultural exchanges, media outreach, and international partnerships to enhance global influence and address global challenges. These strategies can improve diplomatic ties, boost national reputation, and contribute to global development.
 

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The development of blockchain and the benefits it promises to enhance accountability have led many countries to adopt it in their e-government. The motivation for this study was the lack of studies examining the adoption factors of blockchain in the accounting information system in local governments. Explicitly, this study investigated employees' intentions to adopt blockchain technology within the AIS of Indonesian Local Government Units by combining the Technology Acceptance Model and the Unified Theory of Acceptance and Use of Technology as theoretical frameworks.
METHODS: The research used a survey approach and focused on Local Government Units in the Yogyakarta Special Region Province. The respondents were employees using accounting software. The data were analyzed using the Partial Least Squares method.
FINDINGS: The results indicated that facilitating conditions, trust, and performance expectancy positively influenced the perceived ease of use and perceived usefulness of blockchain technology. Specifically, trust had a strong positive effect on both ease of use (β = 0.424, p < 0.01) and perceived usefulness (β = 0.364, p < 0.01), while performance expectancy strongly influenced perceived usefulness (β = 0.429, p < 0.01). Facilitating conditions were found to impact ease of use significantly (β = 0.220, p < 0.01) but not perceived usefulness (β = 0.044, p > 0.05). Regarding employees' intention to adopt blockchain, ease of use positively influenced the intention (β = 0.168, p < 0.05), while perceived usefulness did not (β = 0.093, p > 0.05). Mediation analysis revealed that ease of use partially mediated the relationship between trust and intention to adopt (indirect effect = 0.050, p < 0.05) and fully mediated the relationship between performance expectancy and intention to adopt (indirect effect β = 0.071, p < 0.05). Conversely, perceived usefulness did not mediate the adoption intention (indirect effects β = 0.004, 0.040, and 0.034, respectively, p > 0.05).
CONCLUSION: These findings provided valuable insights for policymakers and local leaders in enhancing adoption strategies for blockchain technology in local government’s AIS, particularly by focusing on trust, ease of use, and performance expectancy.
 

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Solar panels are always installed at an angle in which receive the maximum amount of energy. Small and even 1-degree changes in the angle of the installed panel have a significant impact on the annual energy received. The objective of this study was to study the evaluation of change in the sun's radiant energy on the surface perpendicular to the radiation during the day.
METHODS: Calculations of changes in the intensity of radiation on the surface of the panel are generally performed by assuming that the intensity of solar radiation is constant on the surface perpendicular to the radiation during the day (choosing the solar constant) and multiplying it by the cosine of the azimuth angle (which varies during the day). Since the sun's rays travel different lengths in the atmosphere at different times of the day, the intensity of the sun's radiation on the surface perpendicular to the radiation varies throughout the day. In this study, the effect of daily changes in the intensity of solar radiation on the surface perpendicular to the radiation, on the optimal angle of the solar panel has been investigated.
FINDING: The results showed that the daily optimal angle difference reported in this study compared to previous studies is more than 5 degrees in some cases. Also, installing the panel under the optimal daily angle (for day number 100) and the correct yearly angle resulted in receiving 128.56 kilowatts per square meter and 2.977 megawatts per square meter more energy, respectively.
CONCLUSION: According to the results of this research, the annual optimal angle for a geographic latitude of 30 degrees, taking into account the changes in solar radiation energy on the surface perpendicular to the radiation, is 26 degrees, which is 4 degrees different from the geographic latitude. Also, the results show that if the panel is installed at an angle of 30 degrees, the energy received annually is 16.122 megawatts per square meter less than if the panel is installed at an angle of 26 degrees.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: One of the "15 Guiding Principles" designed to achieve the 2030 aim highlights the importance of giving priority to exploration in the digital economy as a crucial element in defining the future economy. Consumers’ interest in using social media and e-commerce platforms for their shopping activities is rising in this day of modern technology. However, based on a study conducted by the Small Medium Enterprise Corporation indicated that a substantial majority of Small and medium enterprise entrepreneurs, acknowledge the importance of incorporating digital technology into their fundamental business operations. Nevertheless, there is a noticeable discrepancy between the level of awareness regarding these technologies and their actual adoption. Therefore, the research objectives are to determine the relationship between perceived convenience, E-promotion, brand awareness, and personalization toward consumers’ purchase intention.
METHODS: Data was collected from a wide range of individuals in urban areas using probability sampling methods. This study aims to gain a deeper understanding of the various factors that can impact individuals' intentions. A sample size of 385 participants from the e-commerce sector in the Klang Valley, Malaysia. Therefore, stratified sampling is employed by considering pertinent characteristics such as location, age, and intention to use e-commerce. The analyses were conducted using SmartPLS software to measure the influence of digital marketing on consumers' purchase intention.
FINDINGS: The variables of E-Promotion (β=6.601, p<0.05), Brand awareness (β=3.975, p<0.05), and Personalization (β=4.152, p<0.05) had a statistically significant impact on Customer Purchase Intention. Nevertheless, the variable of Perceived Convenience does not have a significant impact on Purchase Intention (β=1.646, p<0.05). Consequently, e-promotion was deemed the most influential component, followed by personalization in second place, and brand awareness in third place.
CONCLUSION: The findings are expected to assist businesses in identifying the factors that influence the purchase intentions of urban consumers on an e-commerce platform. These encompass micro, small, and medium-sized enterprises (MSMEs), which serve as the foundation of Malaysia's economic development. The process of digitalization is anticipated to enhance opportunities for micro, small, and medium enterprises (MSMEs) to grow and flourish. The potential of digitalization to enhance integration across economic sectors and promote cost effectiveness through a collaborative economy is evident. This aligns with the goals stated in the My Digital Economic Blueprint, which is scheduled to be implemented until 2030.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: During the disclosure of the conceptual foundations of the environmental responsibility implementation in the functioning of corporations, the need to implement such approaches to conducting business activities that will provide rational usage of nature and balanced development of the national economy in accordance with the concept of sustainable development, where economic interests will be combined with ecological and social one, was identified.
METHODS: On the basis of mathematical modeling methods and the developed algorithm, proposals regarding the implementation of economic forms of corporate environmental responsibility are substantiated. In particular, the author proposed a methodology for determining the integral indicator, which in turn makes it possible to calculate the level of corporative environmental responsibility.
FINDING: In general, only 30-40% of corporations in Ukraine are environmentally responsible. In 2022, the share of implemented quality management and environmental protection certification systems among environmentally responsible corporations was 67%. The following indicators have the most significant positive influence on the change in the implementation level of corporate environmental responsibility: the number of certified quality management and environmental protection systems by Ukrainian corporations and the amount of current corporations’ expenditures on environmental protection.
CONCLUSION: It has been suggested to stimulate the formation of corporate environmental responsibility system at the national level by developing and using effective financial and economic tools. This will make it possible to level the capabilities of corporations, introduce proven international standards and principles of environmental responsibility, and bring the national economy to the path of sustainable development.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Several investigations were previously conducted on the crucial role of Accounting Information System in enhancing organizational performance and accountability. However, there is a limited amount of knowledge regarding the factors that influence the quality of Accounting information system, especially when considering their application in local government settings in developing countries. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate the factors determining Accounting information system quality in local government of Indonesia, including availability and functions of network, hardware, and software. The mediating role of accounting competency was also explored using resource orchestration theory.
METHODS: This study adopted a questionnaire survey method and conducted statistical hypothesis testing using Structural Equation Modelling-Partial Least Square (SEM-PLS) method. The data were obtained from local government organization staff in Yogyakarta Special Region, selected based on involvement in using software.
FINDINGS: The results showed that availability and functions of network and software, as well as accounting competency, were positively correlated with Accounting information system quality, with p-values of 0.000, 0.023, and 0.000, respectively. Meanwhile, availability and functions of hardware did not show a significant correlation, as evidenced by p-value of 0.375. Accounting competency significantly mediated the relationship between availability and functions of network, software, and Accounting information system quality, with p-values of 0.032 and 0.001, respectively. Moreover, Adj. R² was 0.467 (medium level), and the SRMR value assessed the model fit at 0.079 (good model fit).
CONCLUSION: This study contributed a novel framework related to the determinants of improving Accounting information system quality in local government setting and addressed the debate surrounding the role of accounting competency in the system development. Moreover, there were emphases on the significant mediating role of accounting competency as a prerequisite for other determinants (availability and functions of network, hardware, and software) to promote better Accounting information system quality.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Due to the development of Information and communication technologies, data clouds produced by several sources containing vital information about cities, give more opportunities to tourists to access more information and services. Tourists can overcome challenges such as movement and finding information and services by improving the digital Tourism System’s efficiency. Digital tourism system can help tourists to move and to live in unfamiliar destinations, know different cultures, and buy services and productions more easily and independently. Therefore, digital tourism systems and their efficiency are a significant concern, which this research aims to address by evaluating the position of digital tourism systems and identifying the dimensions and influential factors affecting their efficiency.
METHODS:  This study was a quantitative research and its target population consists of tourists or residents of the city of Mashhad use digital tourism systems. Due to the large population size, encompassing nearly 3 million residents and 20 million tourists annually, and considering the methods for determining the sample size for this study due to limitations arising from COVID-19, online questionnaires were utilized for data collection. Out of a total of 778 distributed questionnaires, 389 questionnaires were fully and accurately completed. The collected data was analysed using SPSS data analysis software to assess the analysis and relationships between the factors affecting the efficiency of digital tourism systems in Mashhad.
FINDINGS: The results showed that more than 82% of respondents are using digital tourism system for managing their travels and three main functions of digital tourism system mentioned by tourists are “reservation services” (41%), “take information” (31%), “moving, find destination” (28%). Additionally, in brightness of this study, it demonstrated that digital tourism system usually uses smart recommender systems to personalise its recommendations, which need tourists' information. However, many of tourists (56%) are unwilling to share their personal information. one of the most important finding of this research is that receiving social content significantly correlates with users' confidence in digital tourism system for sharing their personal information.
CONCLUSION: The findings showed that digital tourism system can optimise its personalisation process by using social content. It can ameliorate the users’ confidence in digital tourism system for sharing their personal information, which will increase the efficiency of digital tourism system. This finding cannot only be a solution to overcome tourists' challenges but also is a key factor for tourism companies that are the beneficiaries of digital tourism system to achieve their business goals. Moreover, it is a wake-up alert for the public sector to accept its responsibility for legislating, monitoring and producing social content in digital tourism systems.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The digital age has led to significant changes in all aspects of human life, including the way businesses operate. It is expected that the digitalization process of this type of business will accelerate in the coming years, therefore the results of this research can have a great impact on increasing their productivity and economic growth. In this context, the current study aims to investigate the impact of digital leadership on the performance of businesses, with a particular focus on the mediating role of organizational entrepreneurship.
METHODS: This research is applied in terms of research purpose and descriptive-survey method. The statistical population of this study consists of 601 employees and managers working in the printing and publishing industry in Tehran province. The sample size was determined using Cochran's formula, and a total of 235 individuals were selected using available sampling techniques. Data was collected using standard questionnaires, and SmartPLS4 software and structural equation modeling were utilized to analyze the data. This approach allows for the examination of the complex relationships between digital leadership, organizational entrepreneurship, and business performance in the publishing industry.
FINDINGS: This research examines the fit of a model at three levels of measurement: structural, general, and combined reliability. The R2 (equal path squared) values for organizational entrepreneurship and the performance of printing and publishing businesses are 0.739 and 0.653, respectively, indicating a strong level of fit for the structural model. The t-statistic was used to check the assumed relationships between the variables, with seven sub-hypotheses used to measure the main hypothesis. The t-coefficients relevant to the seven existing relationships have been confirmed, supporting the main hypothesis.
CONCLUSION: Businesses that adopt digital leadership strategies are more likely to develop new digital facilities and make significant changes in their strategy-making processes and organizational culture. These findings emphasize the importance of digital leadership in the publishing industry and suggest that businesses that embrace digital leadership strategies are more likely to succeed in the digital age. The insights gained from this study can be used to develop effective digital leadership strategies to help publishing businesses thrive in an increasingly digital world.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urban administrators of major cities in India are planning to deploy advanced information technologies such as artificial intelligence to deliver e-governance services. It is expected to enable citizens to acquire relevant information to their commonly asked questions without significant technological expertise. With its text, speech, and image processing capabilities similar to human beings, artificial intelligence is predicted to have both positive and negative social impact. The objective of this paper was to develop a conceptual framework consisting of enablers and barriers in adopting artificial intelligence enabled service delivery in a smart city from citizens’ perspectives. The study is novel in terms of empirically finding factors influencing adoption intention of artificial intelligence for availing citizen services in a nation like India which has a very large population and developing economy.
METHODS: The study utilized an extended unified theory of acceptance and use of technology framework and employed survey-based data collection technique. A structured survey was circulated as part of primary data collection. The responses were collected from 772 sample respondents from three upcoming smart cities in India and were further examined by deploying the structural equation modeling technique using IBM SPSS and AMOS tools.
FINDINGS: The proposed framework in this research study has social implications in terms of key factors that are critical when conceptualizing government services using artificial intelligence to avoid any harmful effects on society. The findings demonstrated six enablers and three barriers significantly affecting adoption intention (p<0.05) and explained 81 percent of the variance (R²) with the model's Goodness-of-fit index above 0.9. The quantitative results are also validated with the case studies from six smart cities across the globe for designing and deploying artificial intelligence-based services in the public sector.  
CONCLUSION: the study highlights that the smart city management must make sufficient effort to ensure that artificial intelligence service delivery in a smart city is equitable for all socioeconomic levels of city residents. The study provides several policy recommendations for governments and technology service providers when deploying artificial intelligence-based services for citizens in developing countries like India.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Open governance is considered an important tool to solve complicated issues in countries, increase efficiency, and build public trust based on indicators like information transparency and public participation using Information and Communication Technologies. Therefore, considering that no research with this title has been conducted in Iran, this research was studied in the municipalities of Tehran Province, Iran, with the aim of identifying the factors that constitute open governance in Iran's public institutions.
METHODS: The present study is mixed-method research. In the qualitative part, interviews and theme analysis were used, while the quantitative part used a descriptive method. The study population in the qualitative section consisted of university experts and specialists who were knowledgeable about the subject of the study. Purposive sampling was used, and after conducting 20 interviews, theoretical saturation was achieved. This study was conducted in the first half of 2023. The study population in the quantitative section consisted of all senior managers of municipalities in Tehran Province, estimated to be around 440 individuals. Using the Cochran formula, 205 individuals were selected as the sample. Data was collected using both library and field methods. A 23-item questionnaire with a Likert scale was constructed, and validity and reliability were checked in all sections. SPSS-24 software was used for the descriptive part, and Smart PLS 3 software was used for analysis, including Pearson's correlation test, one-sample t-test, and structural equation modeling.
FINDINGS: The findings indicated that the dimensions of open data, open service and open process were found for the establishment of open cooperation. By performing the first-order factor analysis, the factor loadings between the indicators and dimensions of the model were in a favorable condition. On the other hand, in the second-order factor analysis, the factors open data, open service, and open process were determined at 0.964, 0.968, and 0.955, respectively, which were considered significant according to Student’s t-test.
CONCLUSION: Three key factors are needed to establish open governance. The open process includes policy changes, approval of necessary regulations, modification of organizational structures and activities. Providing open service, including systems and platforms that allow greater participation of civil society and other urban actors. Open data includes publishing public data, reporting on the performance of managers and public institutions in established platforms.

Abstract global and significantly affect (negatively, positively) the state and development of the national and world economy. The purpose of the paper is the formation of methodical-practical foundations of energy risk management in the energy sector.
METHODS: The matrix method was used in building the energy security risk assessment matrix. Economic-mathematical modeling was used. Depending on the characteristics of the dynamic series and the available information, the methods of analytical alignment, smoothing using the moving average, the average absolute increase, and the average coefficient of change were applied.
FINDINGS: The energy security risk assessment matrix was created. The development of a strategy for the behavior of subjects of market relations in the electricity market should be based not only on the results of risk identification and assessment and the developed risk management plan, but also on the risk response plan and the method of their control (monitoring). The coefficient of use of the installed energy capacity was in the range of 32–26% in Poland in 2021. Calculations of average annual growth rates for each of the dynamic series give reason to state that the highest growth rates of dependence on energy imports were characteristic of coal (+4.17%) and the lowest ones — of oil (+0.35%) during 1990–2021. Considering the forecast values for 2030, a certain decrease in the growth rate of dependence on the import of energy resources (for coal and oil) and an increase- for gas are expected.
CONCLUSION: As a conclusion, the method of forecasting the total final energy consumption of the country was improved for forecasting the amount of energy resources in order to use it for building an energy policy that considers such variables as the economic situation and the political situation in the country. The formation of a risk response plan should be based on management plans and documentation of risk manifestations, intellectual and organizational assets of the economic entity (generalized risk management experience, management strategies, templates, etc.).
 manifestations, intellectual and organizational assets of the economic entity (generalized risk management experience, management strategies, templates, etc.).

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social commerce is a subset of electronic commerce and refers to transactions that are conducted through social commerce media. Social commerce creates new channels for consumers that improve not only their purchasing decisions but also their shopping experiences. The attitude of consumers is one of the factors that influence the behavioral intention of consumers. As long as the customer does not have confidence in the social business, he does not want to buy, and the trust that the buyer gains is based on the information, knowledge, transparency and capabilities that social business provide to customers. So, this paper aims to investigate the moderating role of attitude toward purchasing in the relationship between knowledge-based trust and citizens' social commerce and for this purpose, citizens of the east and southeast of Iran are considered as the case of study.
METHODS: In terms of purpose, the present study is applied and based on the nature and method, it is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of the present study consisted of 361 citizens of the east and southeast of Iran who use social network and were selected by random sampling. Required data were collected by a questionnaire whose validity and reliability were confirmed and analyzed by structural equation modeling and partial least squares method.
 
FINDINGS: Cronbach's alpha, composite reliability and Spearman correlation coefficients were greater than 0.7 and Communality was greater than 0.5, which indicated the high reliability of variables in the model. Also, the Average Variance Extracted square root of all variables was greater than the correlation of them with other variables. So, Discriminant validity of the model was appropriate. Average Variance Extracted was more than 0.5, which indicated the appropriate convergent validity of the variables. According to T-value, knowledge-based trust had a significant and direct effect (0.745) on citizens' social commerce. Knowledge-based trust explained 55.5% of changes in citizens' social commerce. According to T-Value, the attitude toward purchasing had a positive (+0.106) reciprocal role in the relationship of knowledge-based trust and social commerce.
CONCLUSION: The findings showed that knowledge-based trust plays a positive role in social commerce; So, strengthening knowledge-based trust can lead to improved social commerce. Also, the attitude toward purchasing is positive moderator in the relationship between knowledge-based trust and social commerce; So, in order to change from a weak attitude to a strong attitude toward purchasing, the relationship between knowledge-based trust and citizens' social commerce is strengthened.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Smart cities have been criticized for being too technologically driven and reinforcing entrepreneurial thinking rather than focusing on citizens and social sustainability.  This paper aims to “define the implementing principles for Smart Cities in Tehran as a social construct”. In this regard, this study tries to develop smart city indicators and suggest a set of implementing principles for smart cities, citizens, and civic organizations in Tehran. Furthermore, this paper illustrates how in-progress smart city projects are meeting the citizens' needs in 22 districts of Tehran Municipality.
METHODS: The present study has used a qualitative and quantitative methodology based on theoretical frameworks. In this paper, Maslow's hierarchy of needs acts as a meta-method for defining the principles of social sustainability to implement smart city projects. First, smart sustainable cities and associated indicators were evaluated based on Maslow’s hierarchy of needs. Second, a case study approach was utilized to assess Tehran’s smart city projects. Finally, the Strengths, Weaknesses, Opportunities, Threats and Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix techniques were used to define strategies based on internal and external environmental factors and relation to social sustainability.
FINDINGS: The results indicated that promoting innovation centers and living labs to create a vibrant, active, and healthy public realm was the most effective strategy for smart city development in Tehran (Weaknesses-Opportunities8=.1.323). Two important additional strategies were “involve stakeholders and focus on people and consider urban residents not only as recipients or users of smart cities but also as designers of smart cities” (Strengths-Opportunities3=1.075) and “promote community involvement in council decision-making by developing interactive platforms” (Strengths-Opportunities8=0.884).
CONCLUSION: This paper contributes knowledge on how cities such as Tehran can achieve and implement social sustainability using a smart city approach. Plans and projects for a smart city in Tehran were deemed neither realistic nor sufficiently strategic, and they are assumed to satisfy neither policymakers nor citizens. Social sustainability-based principles and strategies are necessary to incorporate citizen perspectives into Tehran’s smart city plan and policies. The present study adds several significant insights to the existing frameworks for implementing smart city frameworks in Tehran.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Increase in online banking activities has been observed in the new normal of the Covid-19 pandemic. Previous studies argued that fraudsters tend to prey on unexpected events. This threat is also frightening online consumers of retail banking. Therefore, this study aimed to investigate how online retail banking users can be motivated enough to avoid online banking fraud threats while no compromise on health. 
METHODS: The population of the study is online banking customers in Pakistan. This study obtained data from 470 respondents who used online banking services by using questionnaires through an online survey. The structure Equation Modeling approach is used to investigate the relationship among study research variables. 
FINDINGS: Findings from a nationwide online survey confirmed the impact of the pandemic on consumer responses for online retail banking intention. Structure Equation Model results found that Perceived Vulnerability β = 0.24, Perceived Severity β = 0.31, and Response Efficacy β = 0.32 has significant impact on precautionary behavior. Surprisingly, Self-Efficacy was not significant to consumer precautionary behavior during the new normal of COVID-19.
CONCLUSION: This study contributes to the literature on online banking and protection motivation theory. Results imply that bankers must invest in online banking and provide a secure environment that prioritizes the safety of the online transaction and create awareness to decrease the threat of fraud during the uncertain situation. The findings of this study particularly call for bankers, retailers’ attention to online management of security systems.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The European Foundation for Quality Management excellence model includes a framework for evaluating the improvement of organizations that excellence organizations must achieve them. Also, business intelligence as a management philosophy and tool helps organization to achieve enduring advantage and organization excellence. Therefore, the purpose of the present study is to investigating the impact of business intelligence on enablers of excellence model with using the mediating role of knowledge sharing.
METHODS: According to purpose, the research method is applied and based on data collection is descriptive-survey. The statistical population of this study includes employees of Marvdasht Banks at the Fars province in Iran that 127 respondents were selected based on group sampling. Research data were collected using standard questionnaires (enablers of excellence model questionnaire, Popovic questionnaire for business intelligence and Wang questionnaire for Knowledge sharing) and analyzed through structural equation modeling by Smart-PLS.
FINDING: Results showed that business intelligence has a positive and significant direct and indirect effect on enablers of excellence model. The direct effect of business intelligence on enablers of excellence model is equal to 0.482. The indirect effect of business intelligence on enablers of excellence model with the mediating role of Knowledge sharing is equal to 0.780. Also,the indirect effect of knowledge sharing on enablers of excellence model is equal to 0.410.The indirect effect of business intelligence on Knowledge sharing is equal to 0.726.
CONCLUSION: Considering the research community, it can be said that in order to increase organizational excellence, bank managers should pay special attention to the variables of business intelligence and knowledge sharing and take action towards business intelligence by integrating data, increasing analytical capacity, increasing information quality, access quality of information and analytical decision-making. With these proceedings, not only affect knowledge sharing in the organization, but also increase organizational excellence.

Abstract A multiplex is a kind of urban cultural facilities which not only has several different rooms for showing films, but also provides other services such as a wide range of food and drink stores and free/easy available parking. Multiplexes have significant cultural, economic and social characteristics. Given the importance and advantages of multiplexes, several multiplex buildings have been built in Tehran in the last decade. However, many experts doubt that a thorough study has been done on locating them. While, precise locating is associated with more profit, better service and higher social and cultural effects. Therefore, this study reviews different spatial, economic and social criteria (as the most effective criteria on locating urban facilities) so to prioritize 22 districts of Tehran for construction of multiplex buildings. In order to achieve this goal, an index system including 10 various indices was developed. Then, a spatial decision support system was designed and implemented based on two multi criteria decision making models including stepwise weight assessment ratio analysis (SWARA) and fuzzy analytical hierarchy process (Fuzzy AHP). Computation, map production, weighting and combination of different indices and ultimately achieving final output was provided by this system. According to the application of Fuzzy AHP and SWARA models on the indices, it was determined that accessibility and income indices have the most effect on prioritization. The final results of this study indicate that Districts 2, 7 and 11 have the highest priority, and districts 18 and 17 have the least priority for construction of multiplex buildings.

Abstract The objective of this study was to examine the evaluation of training courses applied in succession planning in organizations using the CIPP model. This was an applied research in terms of purpose and descriptive-survey in terms of data gathering type. Statistical population of the study included 100 employees of Chamber of Commerce, of which a sample size of 80 people were selected using the random sampling method and Cochran formula. Face validity and content validity were also used to assess the validity of questionnaire and Cronbach's alpha coefficient was used to calculate its reliability that the value of them was higher than 0.7, and the results indicated the validity and reliability of the researcher-made questionnaire. To analyze the data, with respect to research questions, descriptive statistics (mean, standard deviation, frequency distribution tables and charts) and inferential statistics (confirmatory factor analysis and one-sided one-sample t test) were applied using SPSS and PLS software. The results revealed that context, input, output (product) and process components in the evaluation model of training courses used in succession planning are at a favorable level.

Abstract The empowerment of small-medium scale industries must be carried out thoroughly through the provision of business development opportunities to the greatest extent so as to be able to increase the role and potential of the industries. The purpose of this study was to analyze the internal influence of the human resources competencies on technology and the organizational readiness to the level of adoption of e-commerce in craft small medium industries. The analysis used by researchers to determine the effect of each variable using multiple linear regression analysis techniques. This study shows that 79 percent of human resources owned by small medium scale industries have the expertise to operate computers and have adaptability that is fast with changes in information technology but from an organizational perspective 70 percent of them do not provide adequate information technology devices (computers/smartphones and internet networks) even though craft small-medium scale industries who are respondents 100 percent understand technological change and development.

Abstract Information technology as a more intermediary utilizes the science of the day to provide the necessary data for the specialists, organizations, and ultimately all types of groups in the shortest possible time and in the best possible way. Many countries believe that entrepreneurship has played an indispensable role in improving productivity and economic growth. Since the benefits of tourism industry in the regional process through the creation of foreign exchange earnings lead to economic growth and in the local procedures through the creation of jobs the consistent distribution of income will improve lives of the people, developing countries see the prosperity of tourism as a way for the economic development in all aspects. The purpose of this study is to identify and prioritize new business opportunities in the electronic tourism industry of Chabahar city. In the present article which conducted in 2018 thirty people were selected from the active tourism industry in the area for the research sample.  Expert choice software was used to analyze the data. Smart advertising opportunities with a coefficient of 0.221, smart commerce with a coefficient of 0.191, smart residency with a coefficient of 0.172, smart navigation with a coefficient of 0.131, intelligent transportation with a coefficient of 0.113, smart routing with a coefficient of 0.092, Smart data with a coefficient of 0.049, and smart training with coefficient 0.029 were recognized as new businesses in the industry of Chabahar.