Urban architecture, design, development and planning
R. Alishahi; A.R. Sadeghi; M. Sholeh
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sound is one of the most important tools for recognizing urban spaces. Zandieh area of Shiraz as one of the historic context shaped during the ages hase been chosen in order to obtain a proper response to the individual's perception of urban historic spaces soundscape. The ...
Read More
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Sound is one of the most important tools for recognizing urban spaces. Zandieh area of Shiraz as one of the historic context shaped during the ages hase been chosen in order to obtain a proper response to the individual's perception of urban historic spaces soundscape. The main object of this manuscript achieves a sufficient way in order to organize urban soundscape by utilizing assessments and perception data perceived by users. METHODS: The narrative interview method (a sample group of 129 users who were active in space for more than 30 minutes) and behavior observation which are subsets of the sound walking technique have been used; Also, the data which were collected in the previous stage, based on the components of the Kano model, were categorized into three categories of basic, performance and attractiveness. FINDING: With regard to the findings and assessments in the case study, it can be inferred that 69% of the urban space's users perceive noises such as underpass fans' noise more than any others; Consequently, this has led to the lack of acceptance by space users; Also, it was cleared by interviewing listeners in urban space that 59% of the interviewees have preferred natural Sounds to human and 76% preferred tranquility at the urban environment While only 11% of the users preferred the development of a vibrant space. CONCLUSION: Base on that strategies such as planting vegetation in order to prevent the street noise, allocating water bodies in order to have water sound with proper shading and a Desirable view of historical spaces to increase the sense of richness have been presented. Also, in order to achieve an efficient method to improve the soundscapes of urban environments, basic strategies, performance strategies and at last strategies for increasing the attractiveness of urban environments' soundscape should be implemented.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
W.O. Omollo; R.O. Opiyo
Abstract
Although previous studies have attempted to address the challenge of land subdivision, there is still a scarcity in the literature on how the extent of conformity to land subdivision planning regulations may be statistically and spatially analyzed. This study, therefore, explores the extent to which ...
Read More
Although previous studies have attempted to address the challenge of land subdivision, there is still a scarcity in the literature on how the extent of conformity to land subdivision planning regulations may be statistically and spatially analyzed. This study, therefore, explores the extent to which residential developers comply with land subdivision planning regulations in Kenya, a case study of Kisii Town. It was guided by the public interest theory of regulation with a target population of 7,430 residential developments from the seven sublocation neighbourhoods of Kisii Town. Four administrative sublocations were used as strata out of which proportional random samples were drawn from their respective residential neighbourhoods to attain a sample size of 364. Structured checklists were used to collect data on the extent of conformity. Results revealed that although the recommended minimum plot size in Jogoo, Nyamataro and Nyanchwa neighbourhoods was 0.1 ha, 84%, 100% and 88% of developers did not respectively comply. Further, although the recommended minimum plot size for Egesa, Daraja Mbili, Mwembe and Nyamage neighbourhoods was 0.05 ha, 83%, 46%, 58% and 63% of developers failed to, in that order, comply. The problem continues notwithstanding the legal framework that grants the County Government of Kisii powers of development control. Key recommendations comprised establishing a coordinating committee to harmonize agencies that deal with land subdivisions and ensuring that only registered persons’ process of land subdivisions. This study generally benefits international readers by highlighting how compliance with recommended land subdivision planning regulations may be statistically and spatially analyzed.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
W.O. Omollo
Abstract
Although a substantial body of research concurs that most urban areas have a challenge in providing adequate car parking space, there is a scarcity in the literature on how conformity to planning standards that regulates the provision of car parking spaces may be analyzed. This study, therefore, examines ...
Read More
Although a substantial body of research concurs that most urban areas have a challenge in providing adequate car parking space, there is a scarcity in the literature on how conformity to planning standards that regulates the provision of car parking spaces may be analyzed. This study, therefore, examines the extent to which the planning standards that regulate compliance with the provision of car parking spaces in the residential areas are enforced in Kenya, a case study of Kisii Town. It is anchored in the theory of regulatory compliance with a sample size of 364 residential developments proportionately drawn from the seven neighborhoods. Data were collected using questionnaires and analyzed using means, standard deviation, paired sample t-test and Pearson’s bivariate correlation. Research findings showed that although the recommended standard for car parking in Kenya is a ratio of one parking space for every two dwelling units, most developers disregarded the requirement. Hypothesis testing confirmed a significant difference between the recommended planning standards on the minimum number of parking spaces and the extent of conformity by developers, t (289) = 20.261, p=.000), thus, compliance declined by a mean of four. The study concludes that developers rarely comply with planning standard owing to insufficient development control. It is recommended that when approving building plans, it should be mandatory to make provision for adequate parking space followed by monitoring to ensure compliance. The study benefits the international readers by validating how conformity to the standards that regulate car parking space may be statistically analyzed.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
M. Sattarzad Fathi; N. Jahed
Abstract
“Not in My Back Yard”; people shout this when they feel something deleterious and nonlocal will be sprung into existence in their territory by top-down powers. Some believe that NIMBY syndrome provokes parochialism, but parochialism itself can bring many beneficial consequences. Danesh Pedestrian ...
Read More
“Not in My Back Yard”; people shout this when they feel something deleterious and nonlocal will be sprung into existence in their territory by top-down powers. Some believe that NIMBY syndrome provokes parochialism, but parochialism itself can bring many beneficial consequences. Danesh Pedestrian and Bicycle Path- a recent project established on the south rim of Bagh-e-Sib (a vast historic apple orchard) in the Mehrshahr neighborhood- is one of the cases that has been crystallized through NIMBY syndrome. The municipal authorities’ decision on devastating this aged green area and turning it into a mega-scale market place or, who knows, into a highway, faced with radical protests of locals and eventuated the construction of the path. One can call it a win-win situation or maybe a social failure, but regardless of pessimistic and extremist views, it is well known that pedestrian and bicycle accessibilities are two indubitable realities of contemporary urbanism. Therefore, the evaluation of abovementioned path turned to a necessity to realize whether NIMBY is worked in this case, and generally in Iran, or not. This article delves into the subject in two phases, including 1) environmental qualities, 2) public acceptability; and originally follows several questions: has the voice of locals been heard or it was a compulsive decision just for protecting the garden? Is it a social setting or a fraudulent totalitarian exercise of municipal power? Does it meet the needs? Do people like it? How can it be over-promoted? What type of strategies are needed for further development of it?
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
M.R. Allahyari; M. khakzand
Abstract
The social dynamics of cities have long been dependent on their spaces and places. On the one hand, human interactions, and relationships are formed by the city form and on the other hand, the body recovers its identity from existing social life. The more a city can communicate with its citizens through ...
Read More
The social dynamics of cities have long been dependent on their spaces and places. On the one hand, human interactions, and relationships are formed by the city form and on the other hand, the body recovers its identity from existing social life. The more a city can communicate with its citizens through physical features, the more it will affect their social identity. Thus, the city form can have a considerable effect on the relationships and social capital among humans. Karaj city is the second immigrant city because of being close to Tehran Capital of Iran. Nowadays, the slumming phenomenon in Karaj has become a fundamental problem that the physical distinctions of the slum districts seem to have led to a change in the social capacities of the district. Based on the survey and using processed data extracted from the questionnaire in a quantitative model through SPSS software, physical characteristics and architectural spaces of Zurabad neighborhood of Karaj contribute to the decline in social capital of the people in this neighborhood to 79%, resulting from reducing people's trust in the neighborhood up to 84%, its people’s security up to 85%, its people’s sense of belonging up to 72% and in its people’s participation up to 75%. These results indicate the urgent need for immediate attention to the body and context of this region that shapes each individual's social and individual identity over time.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
B. Shojaeivand
Abstract
Quality of urban environment as a subset of quality of life now represents the search for happiness and personal satisfaction in urban environment and is a broad concept which is concerned with the overall well-being in urban environment. The purpose of this study was to investigating the quality of ...
Read More
Quality of urban environment as a subset of quality of life now represents the search for happiness and personal satisfaction in urban environment and is a broad concept which is concerned with the overall well-being in urban environment. The purpose of this study was to investigating the quality of urban environment according to the 5 urban landscape indicators; Land use, Green space, Population and Floor density, Accessibility and physical quality in Noor Town of Tabriz. In order to achieve this goal, the two-step research method has been used. The first step was field observation and conduction an organized interview with the citizens and the next step was the implementation of the results on the map using Geographical Information System analysis. The results of the research showed that the highest quality of urban environment related to green space and people are satisfied with the availability of green space in Noor Town. In contrast, the lowest quality of urban environment was related to the aspects of land use, such as the existence of wastelands in the southern parts of the study area and existence some industrial sites as air pollution sources near to the study area.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
M. Sabet Teimouri; H. Mobini
Abstract
Achieving sustainable development for managers and urban planning requires a systemic attitude to various urban issues and phenomena and a comprehensive urban development cannot be obtained with a single-dimensional perspective. Hence, in implementing various urban projects, it is necessary to examine ...
Read More
Achieving sustainable development for managers and urban planning requires a systemic attitude to various urban issues and phenomena and a comprehensive urban development cannot be obtained with a single-dimensional perspective. Hence, in implementing various urban projects, it is necessary to examine the interactions of these projects with the surrounding environment and to assess their impact on the economic, social and environmental situations. Over the years, many renovation projects have been carried out in Iran; results were mainly the insecurity and expansion of environmental contaminants due to demolition, while changing the urban timeworn textures into a mixed project, especially the type of modern market, can be considered as a tourist attraction in a region. The type of present study is descriptive-analytic, which was done through documentary studies and questionnaire. The area of the project was the immediate area of the project and the perimeter area and the stakeholder survey was conducted using cluster-class sampling. Results of this study indicated the prevalence of diseases caused by severe environmental pollution and dust, the increase of sound, visual and environmental pollution during the implementation of the project.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
H. Abaeian; M. Hashemi; N. Valibeig; Sh. Mohammadpour
Abstract
One of the common monuments in the Sassanid era was the square dome. Interestingly, corners and parts of the square dome were always geometrically proportionate to each other. Square domes have been mainly studied in terms of their historical background as well as the materials used. The present research, ...
Read More
One of the common monuments in the Sassanid era was the square dome. Interestingly, corners and parts of the square dome were always geometrically proportionate to each other. Square domes have been mainly studied in terms of their historical background as well as the materials used. The present research, however, aimed to examine the geometric proportions governing the formation of square domes in the Sassanid era. The data were mainly gathered from field studies. First, the intended monuments were individually studied: the sizes were carefully measured and recorded. Then, the data were simulated by Auto CAD and the geometric repetitive proportions of the parts were extracted. The results indicated that the ratio of the corner depth to the radius of the dome circle was 0.3; the ratio of the angle length to the inward length was 0.11 and that of the outward side to the inward side was 1.6.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
M. Sattarzad Fathi; F. Heidari
Abstract
The physical identity in the urban areas can be considered as a concept which is influenced by the way of arranging the urban body. As a matter of fact, the appropriate coordination and the compatibility of physical components, such as the urban façades, can definitely facilitate the reorganization ...
Read More
The physical identity in the urban areas can be considered as a concept which is influenced by the way of arranging the urban body. As a matter of fact, the appropriate coordination and the compatibility of physical components, such as the urban façades, can definitely facilitate the reorganization of the urban environment for being more identifiable; this issue is so obvious in the historical Iranian cities which have proper identities in their physical structures. Nowadays, the dominance of contradictory approaches and the absence of a convenient orientation have unfortunately produced inadequate urban façades and have annihilated the physical identity in Iranian cities. Also, the process of globalization and elimination of the cultural differences have greatly undermined the possibility of creating the traditional and contextual memories. In fact, the Iranian urban developments with the lack of comprehensive, endemic, and contextual plans and actions, increasingly decline the urban identity in any aspect and dimension. These types of flaws have specifically brought severe problems such as poor beauty, weak legibility, lack of unity, inappropriate physical integrity, etc., which eventually result in the non-identifiable and depersonalized urban bodies. Thereupon, this article needs some visual information which can intuitively assist to scrutinize the deterioration factors of the physical identity in the Iranian cities. Hence, by choosing the field study method is tried to reach some empirical investigation in order to collect the required visual information through photography. Moreover, at the end of this article is attempted to offer several solutions and arrangements for promoting the physical identity and also healing the depersonalization in Iranian cities.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
R. Heydari; B. Shojaeivand
Abstract
New Urbanism design principles have been adopted for many urban planning efforts in recent years. The purpose of this paper is studding the structure and space of Shahid Beheshti Square as one of the most important and old squares of Tabriz from the view of new urbanism principals. In order to reaching ...
Read More
New Urbanism design principles have been adopted for many urban planning efforts in recent years. The purpose of this paper is studding the structure and space of Shahid Beheshti Square as one of the most important and old squares of Tabriz from the view of new urbanism principals. In order to reaching this purpose the data were collected through a questionnaire distributed among peoples that attend in Shahid Beheshti square and an Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Component Analysis was carried out and to reaching to the accurate data interview used as supplementary method. The results show that among the new urbanism design principles, Increased Density is the only principle that observed in study area and Green Space, Mixed Housing and Connectivity are the principles that have the low factor load. Actually the urban space in square is not designed based on new urbanism principles and failed to satisfy the satisfaction of the people to the use of space.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
H. Ahmadi; A.H. Taghizad Farahmand
Abstract
The growth of urban populations in recent decades requires physical elements such as residential, commercial and cultural spaces and the development of infrastructure such as streets and highways, which will open a new horizon to the historic texture of cities and how to preserve and restore them. The ...
Read More
The growth of urban populations in recent decades requires physical elements such as residential, commercial and cultural spaces and the development of infrastructure such as streets and highways, which will open a new horizon to the historic texture of cities and how to preserve and restore them. The development of new urban textures along with the lack of attention to the historic texture and the transformation of the form and structure of the old neighborhoods of the city, promotes the expansion of new physical elements and the oblivion of historic elements. In this research, first, various management dimensions and then issues related to the restoration and conservation of historic textures, problems with these types of textures, issues procedures and legal and historic measures are discussed, then by using the field survey in the direction of achieving quantitative and qualitative findings and in the format of statistical methods an using the questionnaire, the required data for the research are collected from managers and citizens and the results will be presented in the form of a chart. In this regard, four hypotheses are tested and are finally concluded and summed up. This research seeks to answer the question of whether restoring and conserving the historic texture of the District 12 of Tehran municipality could be achieved through the formulation of management strategies or not.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
F. Heidari; M. Sattarzad Fathi
Abstract
The rich identity, originality and validity of the “Ancient Iranian Urbanism and Architecture”, always have been stimulating the urban designers and planners to have research about their valuable qualities and historical principles. Unlike the past, today’s Iranian cities have inefficient ...
Read More
The rich identity, originality and validity of the “Ancient Iranian Urbanism and Architecture”, always have been stimulating the urban designers and planners to have research about their valuable qualities and historical principles. Unlike the past, today’s Iranian cities have inefficient urban qualities; because they are inspired by the western urban designs, without paying attention to their contents and contexts, which have destroyed the originality and identity of them. So in this research, to achieve more efficient urban design solutions, is tried to revive the concepts and principles of the ancient Iranian urbanism. Also, according to globalization and urban commonalities, the main attempt is to find the overlaps and common qualitative norms between the western contemporary urban design approaches and the ancient Iranian urbanism principles. Due to this, by utilizing the inductive, comparative and descriptive methods, is tried to have research in theoretical resources to suggest some comprehensive principles, in order to reach an appropriate concept for the implementation of urban design projects in Iran, which may revive the original Iranian contextualism. This research will create a linkage between innovations of the western urbanism approaches and values of the ancient Iranian urbanism principles to have a prospective and more accurate understanding of the Iranian urban developments.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
H. Najafpour; R. Naghdbishi; F. Asadi Malekjahan
Abstract
Many people are encountered with finding the best way to reach to their destination. One definition for wayfinding is “the act of travelling to the destination by continuous processes of making route-choices whilst evaluating previous spatial decisions against stable cognition of the environment. ...
Read More
Many people are encountered with finding the best way to reach to their destination. One definition for wayfinding is “the act of travelling to the destination by continuous processes of making route-choices whilst evaluating previous spatial decisions against stable cognition of the environment. General understanding and keen appraisal of the environment can aid decision-making process of how to navigate around an area in the form of mental schemas. However, having a level of familiarity and attachment to a place is the underlying factor. The study is aimed at evaluating what is the level of familiarity of people and what is their attachment to notable landmarks in the town of Muar, Malaysia. To do so, the traditional survey analysis with the focus on data set that is attributed to a specific phenomenon and the quantifiable variable using statistical analysis on the tabularized format is undertaken.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
H. Abaeian; R. Madani; A. Bahramian
Abstract
The strategies to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energies in buildings are becoming increasingly important. In the meantime, nature-inspired approaches have emerged as a new strategy to achieve thermal comfort in the interiors. However, the use of these approaches in architecture and buildings ...
Read More
The strategies to reduce the consumption of non-renewable energies in buildings are becoming increasingly important. In the meantime, nature-inspired approaches have emerged as a new strategy to achieve thermal comfort in the interiors. However, the use of these approaches in architecture and buildings requires a proper understanding regarding the features of ecosystems. Although acquiring this knowledge requires a high degree of familiarity with the fields such as biology and environmental science, review of achievements made by the use of these features could facilitate the understanding of ecomimicry processes and thereby contribute to environmental sustainability in buildings. In other words, this paper concerns the relationship between these features and the thermal comfort inside the building. Biomimicry is an approach to innovation that seeks sustainable solutions to human challenges by emulating nature’s time-tested patterns and strategies. The objective of this paper is to use such review to provide an approach to the use of natural features for achieving thermal comfort in the buildings of hot and dry climates. In this review, the successful examples are analyzed to identify and examine the principles that influence the thermal comfort in both building and urban levels. The results show that the three elements of water, wind, sun are the effective natural resources that must be utilized in the design in a way proportional and consistent with the natural features. In addition, functional features of ecosystem can be of value only in the presence of a processual relationship between them.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
A.R. Sadeghi; N. Panahi
Abstract
In the current period, followed by the industrial revolution, the damaging effects of the one-dimensional attitude towards the environment caused by human have had countless hazards. To cope with these risks, the respect and protection of environmental values has attracted today's urban human attention ...
Read More
In the current period, followed by the industrial revolution, the damaging effects of the one-dimensional attitude towards the environment caused by human have had countless hazards. To cope with these risks, the respect and protection of environmental values has attracted today's urban human attention once again and the issues about the human right to a decent, safe and healthy environment which is called briefly" environmental rights ", have widely been discussed. In fact, this research is formed on the basis of the principle that the right to a healthy environment, must be respected in the design of public spaces and the legal aspects of this principle must be considered in dealing with these spaces, so one of the necessary contexts to the conversion of today’s public spaces to valuable urban places would be provided. Therefore, in this study the human right to a healthy, safe and decent environment and the related concepts has been reviewed and the role of the environment in the process of transforming urban spaces to urban places has been discussed. This study also emphasizes on the role of the noise pollution of the urban public spaces as one of the threatening factors of the right to the environment, in the inefficiency and disorder in the process of the conversion of these spaces to public places and while reviewing the laws to reduce such pollution in urban public spaces, it stresses the necessity of considering these rules in designing the urban public spaces. This study uses descriptive and analytic research methodology and investigation techniques of literature review by using library studies.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
M. Khakzand; S. Babaei
Abstract
This paper explores the developing of how designers can search for inspiration source which provided in the form of traditional elements and archetypes and also their role on idea generation in design from building to urban measure. In order to clarify of this, current study focuses on the Far-East region ...
Read More
This paper explores the developing of how designers can search for inspiration source which provided in the form of traditional elements and archetypes and also their role on idea generation in design from building to urban measure. In order to clarify of this, current study focuses on the Far-East region as an ancient part of the world in which there is a huge number of symbols like well known, Yin-Yang. To understanding of how designers inspired by the symbols and forming the character of place via those, the case study method is used to an in-depth evaluation. The result is presented in a table involving cases which selected in divers rang of Far-East countries. Based on result, historical symbols, as a rich source of ideas and stimulation can play a significant in meaning-making and also forming the identity of city. In addition, these symbols help highly to revival the exiting values which ignored in contemporary urbanization particularly in developing countries like Iran. Accordingly, evaluation of cases observed that the symbol-inspired design can prove the durability of the urban character. Finally, inspiration source divided in two main types including: visual and verbal. Based on results of exist study, most of designers inspired visually (i.e. visual analogy, external) and a low percent of them inspired verbally (i.e. abstract, internal). Moreover, minority of designer inspired mediocre by combination of these (i.e. visual/verbal).
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
A. Lorestani; Z. Yaghoubpour; R. Shirzadian
Abstract
The process of spatial distribution of urban services in order to provide equitable access to opportunities and reduced regional disparities, and earning the highest citizen satisfaction are among the main challenges facing urban management. This requires knowledge of the current status of spatial distribution ...
Read More
The process of spatial distribution of urban services in order to provide equitable access to opportunities and reduced regional disparities, and earning the highest citizen satisfaction are among the main challenges facing urban management. This requires knowledge of the current status of spatial distribution of public services in the city, followed by optimal resource allocation under varying circumstances. This analytical-comparative study aimed to investigate the spatial distribution of urban public services, and rank different districts of Tehran in terms of benefiting from public services. To achieve this goal, quantitative models of planning, including factor analysis, composite Human Development Index, taxonomical model and standardization method were used. For the final ranking of districts of Tehran, the sum of numerical value of each district was calculated in four ways. Based on this method, districts 1, 3, 22, 12 and 6 were ranked first to fifth, and districts 13, 10, 8, 17 and 14 were ranked last, respectively. Using cluster analysis model, different districts of Tehran metropolis were clustered on the basis of numerical value of districts in the models used. Based on above-mentioned results, districts 1, 3, 12, 22, 6 and 21, with a final score of 66 and above, included in the first cluster and identified as over-developed districts; and districts 14, 10, 8 and 17, with a final score of 13 or less, included in the fifth cluster and identified as disadvantaged districts.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
R. Farhady; E. Tamimi
Abstract
This research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the spatial distribution of existing cultural land use in district 3 of Tehran Municipality and proposal for new site selection for cultural land use in this district. After studying previous researches on the issues of land use and site selection, ...
Read More
This research has been conducted with the aim of analyzing the spatial distribution of existing cultural land use in district 3 of Tehran Municipality and proposal for new site selection for cultural land use in this district. After studying previous researches on the issues of land use and site selection, 13 indicators for locating cultural land use were identified then by using distance mapping and according to their compatibility or incompatibility with cultural land use, land valuation was obtained. By overlaying data layers and applying their weight using Geographical Information Systems, the best places for new cultural land use were specified. The results showed that distribution of cultural land use in district 3 of Tehran is not desirable in terms of proper site selection and these places have been chosen randomly and without prior planning. So after investigating suitable sites for construction of cultural centers, optimal sites in accordance and matching with ground realities were identified, And finally proposal to create new cultural centers in the region were prioritized The research methodology was descriptive-analytical.
