International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES:The COVID-19 pandemic has created a global health crisis that had a deep impact on the world and our everyday lives. The deadly virus i.e. SARS-CoV-2 has rapidly spread around the world, posing enormous health, social, economic, and environmental challenges to the entire human population. Countries around the world have implemented complete or partial lockdown measures to mitigate the spread of the coronavirus. Corona lockdown has profound social implications and it has sparked fears of impending economic trouble and recession.
Methods: However, this lockdown has also shown some positive effects on the natural environment due to the reduction of pollutant loading from vehicle emission, industries, and other sources. Based on a review of recent research in the relevant area, this paper assesses the effect of COVID-19 pandemic on air and water quality as well as on environmental noise.
FINDINGS: A substantial reduction in the level of noxious NO₂, particulate matter, and carbon emissions have been observed during the lockdown period, the lockdown also led to an appreciable drop in BOD (biological oxygen demand) and a significant increase in DO (dissolved oxygen) of different river water globally. In addition to this, the anthropogenic noise level has fallen by about one-third due to the COVID-19 lockdown.
CONCLUSION: This study reveals that there is a substantial possibility for healing the environment from the detrimental effects of anthropogenic activities through partial or temporary lockdown measures.

Abstract Leadership plays a crucial role in promoting organizational productivity and sustainability. There are several styles of leadership have been proposed and investigated, as well as their various impacts on different organizations. Therefore, this study aims to analyze the leadership styles in Indonesian settings and their associated outcomes through a bibliometric review. This study employs a qualitative approach. The entire data collecting and screening procedure in the Scopus database provided the foundation for the present study. A total of 84 eligible papers from 2000 to 2023 are explored, and the scientific landscapes are further visualized using the VOSviewer. The results showed evidence that network visualization consists of 5 clusters: red, green, blue, yellow, and purple cluster. The first red cluster includes business strategy, innovation, organizational commitment, and organizational culture. Employee performance, job satisfaction, work environment, and work motivation are represented by the second cluster, which is identified to be green in color. In addition, the third blue cluster covers knowledge management, transactional leadership, and transformational leadership. Creativity and employee engagement are all part of the fourth yellow cluster. Finally, democratic leadership is included in the fifth purple cluster. The findings concluded that leadership styles (i.e., transformational, transactional and democratic leadership) positively contribute to the associated outcomes (i.e., employee performance, job satisfaction, organizational commitment, employee engagement, business strategy, and organizational innovation and creativity). In addition, mainly related to associated outcomes, the transformational leadership style is a more dominant influence than transactional and democratic in Indonesian settings. By demonstrating as role models, transformational leaders establish strong emotional connections with their employees to feel a sense of belonging, leading to increased dedication to go the extra mile.

Abstract BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to the path of economic growth theories, especially the introduction of endogenous growth theories to address the shortcomings of extrinsic theories, the economic systems in order to achieve long-term economic growth goals need to drive stimuli and improve endogenous components that originate, crystallize, and evolve within these systems. Some endogenous growth models have stated that one country could be more successful than another if it devoted more resources to innovation. So today, the study of how to create innovation in various economic systems has become a challenging issue in the world’s economic circles.
METHODS: Using the Meta- synthesis method, 19645 sources were collected between 1997 and March 2020 related to the urban innovation system, and after 7 steps and classification of resources, finally, 10 sources were selected and based on the coding method, the ten mentioned sources were coded. The estimated kappa coefficient indicates the reliability of the selected codes.
FINDINGS: The paradigm model of the urban innovation system was extracted based on the performed codes. This model can be used as a pivotal model in future studies.
CONCLUSION: An innovation system that can be implemented and applied in urban geography overcomes many urban, regional, and even national problems. Since this study examines the theory of Urban Innovation System, it can be expected that the results of this study can bring a positive step to determine the specifications and measures needed to create, sustain, and expand urban innovation systems.

Abstract Community relocation could be voluntary or forced, but such change in the composition of inhabitants can endanger the historic urban context and its cultural significance. So, finding the answer to these questions is crucial: What are the main factors for relocation in historic urban contexts, and are these areas affected differently? This paper presented and discussed the results of a systematic literature review of international English-language publications. Databases such as Scopus, ICOMOS Open Archive, and UNESCO digital library were investigated to reveal the main factors for community relocation in the historic urban contexts. Results revealed a frequent focus in metropolitan regions and major cities worldwide between 1987 and 2021. The multiplicity of non-environmental relocation factors was also noticeable. Despite the commonalities of factors for community relocation worldwide, the type and effect of the relocation differed between the historic urban context and other urban contexts. The interaction of two main factors, namely economics and policies, was found to affect the process of community relocation in the historic urban context the most. Forced relocation was more predominant than voluntary relocation in historic urban contexts. However, the existing relations between internal and external factors that drive relocation must be further investigated. This research identified and charted how the local community relocation in historic urban contexts that are reflected in scholars’ publications. It also defined a theoretical framework on the factors of community relocation in these contexts and their interrelation, which is vital for both urban and heritage studies as well as planning practices. 

Abstract With the modern development and increasing competitiveness of air transport business processes, the management of knowledge is essential most especially for air transport managers. This controls compounded phases of the organization which begins with the fabrication of organisational strategy towards value creation and improving customers` experience. This study was to explore the review on the impact of knowledge management in the Nigerian air transport sector. Knowledge management is the extent to which improved business performance is realizable. The empirical reveals that the importance of knowledge management in the air transport sector is driven by the increasing level of technological change; the changing dynamics of market forces; complex nature, and expansion of air transport sector; information technology which enhances the collection, analysing, recording and transfer or sharing of information, data or facts within the organisation; and the achievement of competitive advantage through cost and schedule leadership. In the situation whereby an organization does not embark on knowledge management practice, and they planned to expand the scope or dimension of the organization, the expansion will be the sinking sand and the hole where the organization will bury all the knowledge resources and organization will be rendered bankrupt.

Abstract In describing the behavior of employees, classified organizational citizenship behavior is applied and has been named as a "good member". In the working climate, the substance of building organizational citizenship behavior could not distinguish from the existing commitment within employees. The challenges and contribution of organizational citizenship behavior are to be a driving force in the foundation of effectiveness of hospitality industry. To throw an upright citizen in organizations, the industry should puzzle out if not the industry cannot live without paying an act as an “honest citizen”. A true contribution of employees should understand the organizational citizenship behavior while not everybody can express it. Supervisors in the hospitality industry will reward with high ratings if employees demonstrate high organizational citizenship behavior, but employees who are express low level of organizational citizenship behavior can justify that the particular industry need to direct the importance of extra-role behavior in organizations. Thusly, the criticism of this topic is to identify the problem and challenges confronted by employees in the hospitality industry. In this industry, organizational citizenship behavior is a key predictor in reducing all barriers to guarantee the effectiveness of the organization can be achieved. However, the rationale of this review paper to define the challenges and contributions that can earn by the hospitality management in improving the staff functioning, reducing turnover intention and increase the staff satisfaction.
 

Abstract The essence of low carbon economy development is a continuous evolution and innovation process of socio-economic system from traditional high carbon economy to new sustainable green low carbon economy to achieve a sustainable dynamic balance and benign interactive development of various elements between society, economy and natural ecosystem. At the current stage, China’s socio-economy is showing the feature of "three high" (high energy consumption, high emissions and high pollution). In this case, quickly to promote the development of green low carbon economy is necessary and urgent. This research indicates that, low carbon economy development is achieved by micro-economic agents such as households, businesses and social intermediary organizations through Government’s guidance and the role of market mechanism. In low carbon economy development, the state (government) is a leader and markets are core, while economic agents (e.g., households, businesses and social intermediary organizations) are basis. For this reason, it is necessary to build an effective cleaner development and incentive-compatible policy system oriented to end-users.
 

Abstract Research on managers' emotional intelligence and citizenship behavior in today's workplace outlined the importance of the manager and employees' challenges, contribution and how to solve it. The aim of this paper is to determine the managers’ proficiency using ability model (emotional intelligence) that benefits for manager to be responsive towards employees while expressing the information for career development and countries’ growth. Data and past findings were gathered from several industries by researchers to determine the central idea of the rationality of this paper. As evidence, an empirical result was provided to ensure managers might be beneficial into this significant finding that associated with managers' assessments toward subordinates. Thus, this review also highlighted managers' emotional intelligence that plays a key role towards stimulating good relationships between managers and employees. This gap is to illustrate how the ability model of emotional intelligence can acquire managers' EI skill set and citizenship behavior in order to influence directly the followers' contribution, benefit and challenges in the workplace. In this review, bringing a challenge and contribution among employees in the workplace contributed to the emotional intelligence and citizenship behavior in order to find out the intent of this review paper.

Abstract Recently, literature around the theme of collaborative management research has grown considerably. According to the definition of collaborative management research, two components are connected to each other in this context; managers of organizations and academic researchers. In literature, many authors claim that the relationship between these two components could lead to significant advantages for both of them. On the one hand, managers can learn more about new methods of handling complex systems, and on the other hand, researchers can have a chance to recognize new theories and develop their knowledge through this collaboration. Some authors argue that collaborative research not only leads to an increase in knowledge production, but also encourages knowledge sharing among the participating researchers. Therefore, knowledge production is an important issue in collaborative management research. In literature, many authors claim that the quality of knowledge production through collaborative research is higher than in non-collaborative cases. With the view of making collaborative management research more valuable, knowledge production could play an important role in three issues related to enriching collaborative management research; namely rigor, reflection and relevance. The issue of knowledge production has been a controversial and much disputed subject within the field of collaborative management research. In this paper, some studies are reviewed in order to find out the effect of collaborative management research on knowledge production. Moreover, the pattern of collaboration in knowledge production is also discussed.

Abstract  
ARTICLE RETRACTION
This article has been retracted at the request of Mark Burgman, the Editor-in-Chief of Conservation Biology. Unfortunately it has been found out that Goodluck Peter Massawe from Tanzania wildlife research institute, as the corresponding author and his co-authors; Liseki, S.D.; Marealle, W.N.. in their published article as “Urban expansion as a driver of biodiversity loss: Integrating biodiversity in urban planning in African context” was published at the International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management (IJHCUM) have largely copied from an article which has been recently published in Conservation Biology (Kylie Soanes; Michael Sievers; Yung En Chee; Nicholas S. G. Williams; Manisha Bhardwaj; Adrian J. Marshall; Kirsten M. Parri, 2018: Correcting common misconceptions to inspire conservation action in urban environments) without proper cross-referencing, permission and justification. The scientific community takes a very strong view in this matter and apologies are offered to readers of IJHCUM.

Abstract The adoption of sustainable development goals by the United Nations in 2015 has led to an increasing focus on sustainable development and green practices among academics and private industry professionals. This study aims to explore the research landscape of "Green Human Resource Management” and "sustainable development". Despite the increasing attention in recent years, the field remains in its infancy. To gain insights, five research questions were formulated and addressed using descriptive and network analyses. Applying descriptive statistics reveals that the fields of research on "sustainable development" and " Green Human Resource Management " encompass eight different subject areas, indicating the multifaceted and expansive nature of these subjects. Beyond 2020, a noteworthy rising trend in publications is noted. Having contributed 22 articles since the field's inception, the Journal of Cleaner Production stands out as a major publication source. Developing nations such as Malaysia, China, and India are leading in research contributions, indicating a strong inclination towards sustainable practices. Brazil stands out with the highest citation count, attributed to its significant environmental challenges. Network analysis identifies prominent themes and their interconnections. Thematic evolution analysis shows substantial growth in literature from 2015 to 2023, with organizational sustainable performance and supply chain management emerging as significant themes in recent years. Notably, authors Jabbour CJC, De Sousa Jabbour, and Latan H. are highlighted for their prolific contributions, particularly in the early stages of ``Green Human Resource Management’’ and ‘’sustainable development’’ literature. This study provides valuable insights for management professionals and researchers by highlighting influential articles, authors, sources, countries, and affiliations. It is a comprehensive reference for understanding the evolving landscape of Green Human Resource Management and sustainable development literature. Additionally, it emphasizes the need for continuous research and collaboration to address environmental challenges and promote sustainable business practices globally.

Abstract In traditional participatory urban processes, effective collaboration among designers, citizens, and urban managers is often hindered by inadequate environmental visualization, inefficient communication tools, and limited appeal. These challenges, particularly related to time, cost, and the difficulty of attracting diverse participants, have prompted researchers to explore alternative tools and technologies to enhance citizen involvement. Virtual Reality modeling has emerged as a promising technology for urban design, planning, and management, offering improved ways to visualize spaces, develop creative ideas, and support the realization of urban policies. This research is qualitative and developmental in purpose, and it is classified as a review study with an interpretive perspective. The methods employed include documentary analysis and case studies, with data collected from documents, library resources, and relevant articles in this field. The study draws on theoretical frameworks such as Arnstein’s Ladder of Citizen Participation and Healey’s Collaborative Planning Theory to examine Virtual Reality's potential in participatory processes. The study addresses the limitations of traditional participatory methods, highlighting how Virtual Reality technology can facilitate more accessible, inclusive, and efficient urban policymaking processes. Despite technological limitations, physical and psychological constraints, ethical concerns, and issues related to privacy and legal matters, the findings indicate that virtual Reality offers significant potential in participatory urban processes. By providing immersive simulations, virtual Reality can improve transparency, enhance stakeholder collaboration, and facilitate informed decision-making in urban planning. The technology's ability to engage diverse demographic groups, particularly those reluctant to engage in traditional methods, shows promise for making urban policy discussions more interactive and understandable. Virtual Reality presents a valuable tool for overcoming the limitations of conventional participatory processes and holds promise for enhancing urban policymaking. The study identifies several avenues for future exploration, including improving accessibility, addressing ethical concerns, and developing hybrid engagement models that integrate Virtual reality with traditional methods. Empirical evaluations of Virtual Reality’s impact on decision-making and stakeholder engagement are also recommended to optimize its application in urban governance. Its potential benefits make it an important area for further exploration of urban planning and participatory governance.
 

Abstract Floods in urban areas remain a critical threat to human life, health, and economic stability. This study focused on Nigeria's urban flooding, which has become a yearly occurrence. Recently, floods have been deepened by the climate change situation, urban planning lapses, and overwhelmed drainage infrastructures. Other factors intensifying urban flooding in Nigeria include rapid urbanization, choking off the natural spaces and vegetation with impervious surfaces, and accelerating stormwater runoff. The Nigerian government has implemented various flood risk management strategies, including the National Disaster Response Plan and flood control measures such as flood warning, preparedness, and responses. However, studies from the literature confirmed the insufficient understanding of flood events, such as the driving variables and uncertainties about watershed characteristics and climatic variability that impede flood risk management and prediction skills. Therefore, more proactive, sustainable strategies to handle floods are desperately needed in light of the numerous recent climate and flooding-related calamities ravaging the low-lying regions. Similarly, there is a paucity of empirical research on sustainable solutions for attenuating the volume of runoff that is seemingly resulting in flooding. This review fills this gap in the literature. More so, aligning with the United Nations’ 2030 Agenda for Sustainable Development, the Sustainable Development Goals. Sustainable flood risk solutions touch on several SDGs, targeting all sustainable practices, resilient infrastructure, water management, sustainable cities and communities, and the sustainable use of terrestrial ecosystems. This review equally focuses on harnessing the potential embedded in the sustainable practices that can fit into other purposes.

Abstract Contemporary urban centers, including Tehran, the capital of Iran, are grappling with complex challenges such as institutional fragmentation, data scarcity, and a decline in citizen engagement, which underscore the need for innovative approaches to urban governance. This article explores the potential of gamification—the application of game design elements in non-game contexts—as a strategic tool to enhance citizen participation in Tehran's urban policymaking and management processes. By leveraging elements such as points, competition, progress levels, and rewards, gamification can transform traditional, often opaque and formal, policymaking into a more appealing, transparent, and accessible experience for a broader public. The primary objective of this study is to elucidate the foundational concepts of gamification, analyze its impact on the quality of urban policy decisions and implementation, and propose practical, context-specific strategies for its successful application in Tehran. Through a detailed examination of successful global case studies, including CityScopeAR in the United States, ParmoSense in Japan, and Game.UP in Germany and Austria, this research analyzes the potential for local adaptation and alignment of these approaches with Tehran's unique socio-cultural needs and existing infrastructure. The findings suggest that a well-designed gamification framework can not only significantly increase citizen participation rates but also generate valuable data for evidence-based policymaking, foster a stronger sense of community belonging, and empower citizens to assume a more proactive role in shaping their city's future. Ultimately, this research provides a comprehensive and actionable set of recommendations for Tehran's urban management to strengthen smart and participatory governance in the Iranian capital.

Abstract This study aims to analyze the structure of growing publications on Islamic leadership and its contribution to organizational effectiveness and long-term success using bibliometric analysis with VOSviewer. The sample population comprised all publications of the Scopus database from 2010 to 2023. In addition, a total of 244 publications were selected for bibliometric analysis and visualization, including original study articles, book chapters, reviews, conference papers, and other forms of literature written in English. The results showed the presence of three clusters, namely red (Indonesia, Malaysia, Egypt, and United Arab Emirates), green (United States, Iraq, Syrian Arab Republic, and Turkey), and blue (Iran, Israel, and China). These clusters represented regional cooperation in the exploration of Islamic leadership publications and their implications for organizational development. The results also showed that Islamic leadership was most commonly applied in education, psychology, community and health care, school, and government sectors. In addition, it was shown to be frequently related to trust, job performance, motivation, decision-making, job satisfaction, and empowerment. Islamic leadership placed great emphasis on motivation and job performance, as it ultimately recognized the importance of productive and purposeful work in employees' lives and society's overall well-being. Based on these results, Islamic leadership supported employees in achieving healthy work-life integration by encouraging time for family, worship of Allah (the God), and personal well-being.

Abstract Rapid urbanisation has transformed cities into both concentrations of health risks and key arenas for improving population health. Understanding how urban environmental conditions influence multiple dimensions of health has therefore become a central concern for health‑oriented urban planning and design. This study synthesises global scientific evidence on the relationships between urban environmental exposures and health outcomes published between 1984 and 2025 and develops an analytical framework for integrating health considerations into urban planning and design practice.
A systematic review with narrative synthesis was conducted in accordance with the PRISMA 2020 (Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta‑Analyses) guidelines. Relevant studies were identified through structured searches in major international and national academic databases. The records were screened using predefined inclusion and exclusion criteria, and eligible studies were systematically coded and analysed. The reviewed studies were classified according to key categories of urban environmental exposure, including green and blue spaces, public and recreational spaces, built form and urban morphology, transport systems and walkability, and environmental risks such as air pollution, noise, and urban heat exposure. Health outcomes were examined across four domains: physical, mental, social, and cognitive health. The findings reveal consistent evidence that access to green and blue spaces and high‑quality public spaces is associated with improved mental health, increased physical activity, and higher overall quality of life. Urban form characteristics—particularly density, land‑use configuration, and walkability—are systematically linked to patterns of physical activity, obesity, and non‑communicable diseases. Conversely, exposure to environmental hazards such as air pollution, noise, and heat stress is strongly associated with mortality and the urban burden of disease. Recent research has also expanded to include cognitive health, child development, healthy ageing, and the mediating roles of perceptual and social factors. Despite these advances, important knowledge gaps remain regarding spatial health equity, the evaluation of urban design interventions, and empirical evidence from low‑ and middle‑income countries. Based on this synthesis, the study proposes a multi‑level analytical framework linking urban spatial structure and design, environmental exposures and behavioural pathways, perceptual and social mediators, and multidimensional health outcomes. The framework provides a conceptual basis for systematically integrating health considerations into urban policy, planning, and design.

Abstract ABSTRACT:
The provision of infrastructural services in developing countries like Nigeria has not received adequate delivery in the past decades. This situation is growing alarming given the present economic downturn, political manipulations, and uncontrolled population increase, especially in the urban areas remains a major hindering factor. Communities are undergoing regression in countless facets of development. Community participation in the provision of infrastructure stands as a potential option for the citizens to utilize effectively rather than depending hopelessly on the government. Community participation maintains equitable and communal assets in providing a basic need within the community.  The government, whose role is to provide the essential infrastructures and basic social amenities, has been overwhelmed and termed incompetent in this aspect. This study aimed at revisiting the need for community participation in the provision of infrastructures. The objectives identified potential determinants, especially in Nigeria's situation, limiting public citizens' involvement. The study adheres to a desk research study method. This approach gives access to converge information from available sources, which also includes hand-searching of grey literature and related articles. Study findings revealed a very low level of community participation practices exposed from few data available in the literature. However, there is a paucity of empirical studies on the hindering glitches towards participation; therefore, this review filled this gap in the literature. Moreover, continuity in the participation process at this time is needed given the potential embedded in infrastructure provision and quality of life. Recommendations focussed on introducing sustainable approaches and tools as a remedial factor in attaining success in community participation.

Abstract Atmospheric corrosion poses a significant challenge to steel structures in urban environments, severely impacting their safety and durability. This paper examines effective processes for mitigating atmospheric corrosion risk and suitable strategies for sustainable development. One of the most important and effective methods for combating corrosion, particularly atmospheric corrosion in polluted cities like Tehran, is the use of protective coatings. These coatings, such as epoxy and polyurethane, act as barriers against moisture and harmful agents, preventing damage to structures. Additionally, cathodic protection techniques are explored as an effective means of preventing electrochemical corrosion. By utilizing sacrificial anodes, these techniques significantly reduce the detrimental effects of corrosion. The selection of appropriate materials, considering economic costs and availability, also plays a crucial role in minimizing corrosion risk. For instance, the use of stainless steel and corrosion-resistant alloys can enhance structural performance under harsh conditions. Furthermore, design requirements and the reduction of vulnerabilities in structures must be considered to extend their lifespan. The results indicate that incorporating these strategies into urban planning and design can enhance the durability of metal infrastructure, contributing to a safer and more sustainable urban life. These measures not only help preserve investments but also improve the quality of life for citizens.