Urban architecture, design, development and planning
R. Heydari; B. Shojaeivand
Abstract
New Urbanism design principles have been adopted for many urban planning efforts in recent years. The purpose of this paper is studding the structure and space of Shahid Beheshti Square as one of the most important and old squares of Tabriz from the view of new urbanism principals. In order to reaching ...
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New Urbanism design principles have been adopted for many urban planning efforts in recent years. The purpose of this paper is studding the structure and space of Shahid Beheshti Square as one of the most important and old squares of Tabriz from the view of new urbanism principals. In order to reaching this purpose the data were collected through a questionnaire distributed among peoples that attend in Shahid Beheshti square and an Exploratory Factor Analysis using Principal Component Analysis was carried out and to reaching to the accurate data interview used as supplementary method. The results show that among the new urbanism design principles, Increased Density is the only principle that observed in study area and Green Space, Mixed Housing and Connectivity are the principles that have the low factor load. Actually the urban space in square is not designed based on new urbanism principles and failed to satisfy the satisfaction of the people to the use of space.
Urban civil engineering and related management issues
P. Anshuman; R. Pankaj Kumar
Abstract
Degradation of urban environment and health hazard is directly associated with the unscientific handling of Municipal solid waste of India. Urbanization also contribute intensify Municipal solid waste generation. Source segregation of solid waste not only the fact to converge but also possible in maximum ...
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Degradation of urban environment and health hazard is directly associated with the unscientific handling of Municipal solid waste of India. Urbanization also contribute intensify Municipal solid waste generation. Source segregation of solid waste not only the fact to converge but also possible in maximum resource recovery from the waste. Waste management is a problem due to the ineffective management of waste and lack of knowledge of waste management. The main aim of the evaluation is to understand why and how communities can be approached survey and communicated and convicted towards a more suitable more sustainable and inclusive waste management system in Gurugram of India. All the Housing society of the Gurugram do not sort at all. The government agency responsible for the final management of solid waste does not have any practice to segregation the waste to achieving material recovery. The total waste generation in Gurugram area is 7418 kg per day from 5752 number of house hold. The waste segregation is the main challenges for the Municipal waste management system. The results revealed that average 81 percent of solid waste is just dumping in the land filled site without material recovery.
Human capital in urban management
S.R. Torbatjoo
Abstract
Dealing with the tension between explorative and exploitative activities is a key issue for firms. Literature suggests that ambidexterity allows firms to manage this issue properly and provides firms with specific competitive advantages. This study was conducted aiming at investigating the ...
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Dealing with the tension between explorative and exploitative activities is a key issue for firms. Literature suggests that ambidexterity allows firms to manage this issue properly and provides firms with specific competitive advantages. This study was conducted aiming at investigating the impact of Human Resources measures on organizational ambidexterity in smart city projects. Method used is descriptive - survey. The statistical society of the study consisted of 460 employees of District 13 of Municipality of Tehran, out of them 210 subjects were identified as the sample volume and were selected by simple random sampling method. The tool used for measurement was a standard questionnaire whose reliability was estimated as Alpha 0.924. In order to analyze the data, descriptive and inferential statistical indicators especially structural equation modeling by Amus software, K-S test and Bartlett were used. The results of structural equation modeling showed that the explorative Human Resources have significant effect on exploration (Cr=14.533, B=0.95) of smart city projects, and exploitative Human Resources have significant effect on exploitation (Cr=12.204, B=0.81) of smart city projects In the other words, strengthening the measures of Human Resources and its various dimensions increases the ambidexterity of smart city projects.
Urban and municipalities management
O.S. Shokunbi; O.O. Ajayi; D.O. Jegede; O.S. Shokunbi
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Solid wastes are composed of organic and inorganic pollutants (heavy metals) that can contaminate soil, underground and surface water; resulting in serious health challenges to humans. The bioavailability of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and nickel on dumpsite soils, were ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Solid wastes are composed of organic and inorganic pollutants (heavy metals) that can contaminate soil, underground and surface water; resulting in serious health challenges to humans. The bioavailability of cadmium, chromium, copper, lead and nickel on dumpsite soils, were investigated during the wet and dry seasons of 2018 by a sequential extraction method (Tessier). METHODS: The soils were sampled from eight points within each of two dumpsites in Ilisan-Remo, Ogun State. Top soil of 0–15 cm depth was sampled, air-dried and sieved. The extracted soil samples were analysed for heavy metal concentrations using flame atomic absorption spectrometer. FINDING: In the dumpsite soils examined, cadmium, chromium, copper and lead were majorly bound to the residual fractions at the first and second dumpsites, respectively for both seasons with mean concentrations (mg/kg) of: Cd – 0.65 ± 0.12 and 1.20 ± 0.07, Cr – 36.83 ± 5.70 and 26.83 ± 3.57, Cu – 28.37 ± 3.69 and 8.04 ± 0.32, Pb – 12.40 ± 2.34 and 14.11 ± 2.44, but Ni was found mainly in the Fe-Mn oxide fraction during the wet season, with mean concentrations (mg/kg) of 6.22 ± 1.33 and 8.24 ± 0.78, for dumpsites A and B, respectively. The values obtained for these metals were higher during the dry season than a wet season and there were no metals in the mobile fractions for wet season. However, cadmium and lead were found in the carbonate fraction during the dry season, resulting in their bioavailability in the soils. CONCLUSION: The speciation results revealed that heavy metals were more bioavailable in the residual fractions. The absence of mobile fractions in the soils indicated that metals are not bioavailable for plants uptake at present condition; hence, the metals obtained are of geogenic rather than anthropogenic origin.
Human capital in urban management
A.A. Bayati; A. Khodayari; N. Khalife
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVS: The theory of organizational trauma or organizational crisis, is one of the theories to deal with organizational unrest. Some of these crises show signs of a traumatic experience. If not properly managed, the experience of mass harm appears to disappear under the surface behind ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVS: The theory of organizational trauma or organizational crisis, is one of the theories to deal with organizational unrest. Some of these crises show signs of a traumatic experience. If not properly managed, the experience of mass harm appears to disappear under the surface behind the mask of silence, leading to dysfunctional tissue behavior. The aim of the present study is to design an organizational trauma model for Sports Organization in the Municipality of Tehran.MATERIALS AND METHODS: Survey methods are, mixed with exploratory approaches. Qualitative sampling were performed using the view of 11 faculty / managers and statistical sampling in the snowball sampling method and quantitative section, considering that 5 to 10 people are required for each item, so 350 people were selected by stratified random sampling method. The means of collecting data for the qualitative part of the interview was semi-structured, in that the results of the interview were designed in the form of a questionnaire with three main components. Expert content validity and composition validity (exploratory and confirmatory factor analysis) and combined reliability indicators include Cronbach's alpha, divergence and convergence validity, and structural equation modeling, SPSS software Version 23 and LISREL version 8.54 were used.FINDINGS: The results showed the final model in 3 factors: individual factors 26.268, structural and technological 21.517, environmental factors 15.228, which in total had 62.841% predictability. Also individual (T-Value = 11.70, β = 0.93), environmental (T-Value = 12.122, β = 0.92) and structural factors (T-Value = 9.91, = 0.76) b) had a significant effect on the concept of organizational trauma. In the goodness-of-fit test, a total of seven indicators of model fit were confirmed, so all three identified factors can be integrated into the structural model of the research.CONCLUSION: The results presented in this paper insinuate that in-service training, salaries and benefits based on organizational position and years of service and taking into account various environmental factors can be fruitful in developing the proposed model.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
Gh. Motalebi; A. Khajuei; F. Fanaei Sheykholeslami
Abstract
ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Place attachment is among the most important aspects of the interaction between people and their places, to keep residential environments safe, sustained, and resilient. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the creation and enhancement of place attachment ...
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ABSTRACTBACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Place attachment is among the most important aspects of the interaction between people and their places, to keep residential environments safe, sustained, and resilient. This study aims to identify the factors that influence the creation and enhancement of place attachment in residential settings, with a focus on physical elements. Given the significance of these factors in architecture and facility programming, the study aims to provide architects and designers with effective strategies for designing and redesigning residential environments. The results of this study on place attachment can be utilized in the architectural facility programming process and design decision-making. METHODS: This study proposed a theoretical framework in which the relationship between subjective and objective physical and individual characteristics and time were the main components of making sense of place attachment. Using a survey method, the study investigated the significance of place attachment among residents of the 600-unit residential complex in Mashhad, Iran, through a questionnaire divided into three sections. The first section focused on individual characteristics and time spent in the complex, while the second and third sections measured the objective and subjective physical characteristics and the extent of people's attachment to the complex, respectively. The data from 158 participants were analyzed using SPSS and SmartPLS software.FINDINGS: Results of SPSS analysis showed objective physical characteristics (p<.01, r=.241), as well as the subjective physical characteristics (p<.01, r=.223) and time (p<.01, r=.237), were the most important components affecting place attachment, highlighting the role of physical strategies used in the residential complex for creating and developing this feeling. Considering these physical factors affecting the establishment and enhancement of place attachment emphasizes the role of architects and planners in satisfying this crucial human need which directly affects people's personal and social health.CONCLUSION: The results revealed time, subjective, and objective physical characteristics are three factors that have a direct impact on place attachment. Objective physical characteristics have a direct impact on place attachment and also indirectly impact it through their effect on subjective physical characteristics. On the other hand, the relationship between individual characteristics and place attachment is indirect, as individual characteristics affect the time spent in a place, and an increase in time spent leads to a stronger place attachment. The findings can be employed extensively in architectural programming in residential environments to improve the quality of life.
Urban management and public health
N.Y. Guerrero Del Castillo; J.C. Musa Wasil; K.J. Malavé Llamas; C. Morales Agrinzoni
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The lakes in the state of Minnesota (MN) have undergone accelerated changes with the passing of time, where cattle ranching, agriculture, the increase of industrial jobs and urban area development have changed their condition from pristine to critical. To evaluate this problem, ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The lakes in the state of Minnesota (MN) have undergone accelerated changes with the passing of time, where cattle ranching, agriculture, the increase of industrial jobs and urban area development have changed their condition from pristine to critical. To evaluate this problem, secondary data obtained from the public domain of three lakes from a county used for a long period for agriculture and cattle (Carver County) and three lakes from a county where the land has been used more for housing and industrial economy (Hennepin County). The aim of the study was to use the information to evaluate the trophic status, and compare the results of the lakes of rural areas versus lakes in urban areas in order to create a possible mitigation plan to improve the condition of the area.METHODS: Trophic status was determined to evaluate the water quality of each lake. ANOVA analysis was employed to analyze the data set obtained from the public domain in the official webpage of the Minnesota Pollution Control Agency.FINDINGS: Data results for total phosphorus, Secchi Disk and Chlorophyll-a, showed that all lakes are under eutrophic-hypereutrophic status with Trophic State Index (TSI) results between 59 to 80. Hennepin County had two of the three lakes evaluated in hypereutrophic states when compared with Carver County lakes. Carver County has only one lake out of the three evaluated under hypereutrophic conditions. Statistical analysis showed that p <α. The results demonstrated that lakes near areas used mainly for urban/industrial purposes are more contaminated than lakes near areas used for agriculture/livestock.CONCLUSION: The restoration of wetlands that are near the lakes is proposed as a possible bioremediation method to improve water quality. Alternatively, an artificial wetland could be implemented in the lakes that do not have this natural system. Placing a Subsurface Flow System (SFS) artificial wetland in parallel trenches, which bypasses the lake and/or into the mouth of the river, would allow the sedimentation process to occur in these spaces. In addition, the use of Phosphor-Accumulator Organisms (PAO) and specialized aquatic plants, such as Hydrodictyon reticulatum, Elodea canadensis, Eichhornia crasspies, Eleocharis plantaginea, Pistia stratiotes and Hydrilla verticillate will trap contaminants and aid in their removal.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
H. Karamozian; S. Zanganeh Shahraki; R. Farhudi
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to global statistics, the amount of energy consumption in recent decades has grown uncontrollably and maximally due to the energy consumption in urban fabrics, except for transportation, which is clearly the quality of placement and construction of building masses ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: According to global statistics, the amount of energy consumption in recent decades has grown uncontrollably and maximally due to the energy consumption in urban fabrics, except for transportation, which is clearly the quality of placement and construction of building masses in the context of urban morphology is more important. The main purpose of this study was to evaluate the components of energy consumption in urban settlements based on the urban morphological model`s sustainability.METHODS: Research in terms of structure was analytical-descriptive, which in terms of the main purpose, was a type of applied and developmental research. The method of data collection was as documentation and using Bing Map data reference and data generation with Arc GIS software and 3D modeling with Google SketchUp software, the dimensions and indicators of which were extracted in the form of figure ground. Case study sample on a scale of 150 by 150 as an isolated urban fabric in the explained scales, different building configurations, the common types of which have been selected and simulated according to the form structure of Khorramshahr urban settlements. Energy considerations were also assessed using energy analysis software with an urban climate analytical approach such as Climate Consultant and Envi-Met.FINDINGS: The results showed that assigning a ranking weight to each morphotype for each parameter, the average weight of each case, which includes all 5 parameters, indicates the rank position of morphotypes in Khorramshahr. From four types studied, High-rise buildings with an average of 3.13 worst impact and detached housing with an average of 1.93 have the best impact on the microclimate formed around them, which obviously energy efficiency according to climatic indicators and microclimate metrics can be emphasized the principle of optimal limit.CONCLUSION: the findings of the current research showed the energy consumption status according to the evaluation of morphological variables. It was the morphotypes as well as the climatic parameters that have determined the specific results of each case and also provided the appropriate type and rating. In future research, by explaining the optimal model of urban fabric stability model based on the concept of sustainable morphology, each morphotypes in the optimal state can be evaluated.
Urban management and public health
A. Jamadi; A.R. RajabipoorMeybodi; E. Hosseini; Z.S. Doaei
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The influence of smartphones in face-to-face interactions has presently affected the methods of human interaction in various social environments and has led to the emerging phenomenon of phubbing. Phubbing has been the focus of researchers as the employee's perception ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The influence of smartphones in face-to-face interactions has presently affected the methods of human interaction in various social environments and has led to the emerging phenomenon of phubbing. Phubbing has been the focus of researchers as the employee's perception that his/her supervisor is distracted by their smartphone while talking or being in close proximity to each other in the work environment. Therefore, it can be stated that phubbing is negatively related to subordinates' trust in their supervisor. So. the present study aimed to identify the antecedents and consequences of phubbing in Yazd municipality.METHODS: The present study was applied in terms of purpose and qualitative in terms of research methodology and based on the grounded theory approach. We decided to apply this method because the core objective is to choose the individuals who are acquainted with such phenomena. Consequently, it will be easier to comprehend the topic so that the samples can provide appropriate answers accordingly. In the present study, for performing data collection, semi-structured in-depth interviews with the 5w1h technique were conducted with 12 people, including managers and employees who respond to citizens’ requests in the central building of Yazd Municipality. The researched community consists of The Experts selected were those who had relevant articles, at least three years of beneficial work experience in Yazd Municipality, and relevant knowledge of phubbing. Targeted sampling has been done based on the researcher's considerations. The present study was performed March 2023.FINDINGS: The findings show that there are many empirical factors influencing phubbing in organizations, so that the role of employees and their functional duties are considered a very influential factor for phubbing in organizations. Employees should be able to have a detailed understanding of their needs and their behavior in the organization in interactions so that they can convey the best experience to them in order to influence their behavior. If the set of municipality facilities can perform their duties well, a positive experience can be created in the employee's mind. Therefore, human resources, physical space and functional aspect will provide a very effective role in creating a positive experience and provide a suitable mental background for employee preferences. In the present study, data analysis was performed using Maxqda software version 20 in three stages of primary, central, and selective coding, which resulted in the identification of 6 categories, 21 central concepts, and 123 final codes. Therefore, technological factors, social factors, personal/individual factors, cultural factors, and psychological factors were identified in this research.CONCLUSION: The results of the data analysis indicated that there were many experimental factors influencing phubbing in organizations so the role of employees and their functional responsibility were considered to be a highly influential factor for phubbing in the municipality. The interviewees believed that employees must quickly feel secure and comfortable after becoming a member of the organization and they must adapt themselves to the norms of the environment. Therefore, considering that fobbing has attracted the attention of many researchers, as far as the authors are aware, its antecedents and consequences have not been identified, from this point of view, the research has innovation.
Urban architecture, design, development and planning
V. Babenko; O. Shumilo; O. Davydova; L. Sokolova; I. Volovelska; V. Yefanov; O. Maslak
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social and economic processes, which create a combination of capital and intelligence, influence the development of the urbanization process. Urban areas develop together with economic growth. The main factor influencing the growth of the economy is the increase in production, ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Social and economic processes, which create a combination of capital and intelligence, influence the development of the urbanization process. Urban areas develop together with economic growth. The main factor influencing the growth of the economy is the increase in production, which should be based on quality management through the implementation of a business model for the innovative development of the enterprise in the context of economic security. Thus, the purpose of the research is to define and characterize the components of the business model of an enterprise’s innovative development based on economic security and to describe the main practical aspects of its implementation.METHODS: Using general scientific and special research methods, the theoretical and categorical content was analyzed and specified, namely, the essence of urbanization, innovative activity, innovative development, and business models of the enterprise’s innovative development were revealed. The main principles contributing to the effective operation of innovative enterprises were defined.FINDINGS: It was substantiated that strategic business development provided a business model in which all business processes were identified and analyzed, and development was optimized considering correlations. The main features of the business reflected in the business model were specified. Considering that during the implementation of the innovative development strategy, the business model is aimed at managing the chain of innovative value creation, the basic background for the implementation of the business model was determined. To form a model of innovative development in the context of economic security, the aspects of adaptability of innovative development were investigated. The business model of the enterprise’s innovative development in the context of economic security was formed, and its components and their significance were determined. The main practical aspects for implementing the business model of the enterprise’s innovative development were highlighted. It was noted that in the conditions of a dynamic market environment, full of dangers and threats, 40% of the success of further implementation should be based on taking into account well-known theoretical and methodological aspects, and 60% should be the ingenuity of the personnel of the enterprise on which the business model is being formed.CONCLUSION: The business model ensures the transformation of innovative technologies into economic benefits for the company. The practical application of the proposed business model with selected components would contribute to the increase of the enterprise’s innovative potential and its development during current activity and in the future.
Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
G. Fazeli
Abstract
Anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of biodegradable organic material by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen or in an oxygen-starved environment.This technology is superior to the landfilling and also the aerobic composting. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the effluent Volatile ...
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Anaerobic digestion is the breakdown of biodegradable organic material by microorganisms in the absence of oxygen or in an oxygen-starved environment.This technology is superior to the landfilling and also the aerobic composting. The aim of the present study was to examine whether the effluent Volatile Fatty Acids from the anaerobic acidogenesis of the food waste can be used du to its high value in organic elements, as an external carbon source for the denitrificationin in waste water treatment plants . The results showed that Volatile Fatty Acids concentration in mg COD/L in the fermentation was in the range between 3,300 mg COD/L and 6,560 mgCOD/L.The n-butiric acid had the highest concentration in mgCOD/L followed by the propionic and acetic acid, while the valeric acid had the lowest concentration. As well as the concentration of the acetic and valeric acid were stable over the time. Opposite to these, the propionic and n-butyric acid showed high variability in the concentration, especially the n-butyric acid. The specific denitrification rate tests tests showed that the ethanol cultivated biomass was more successful in using the effluent of the food waste digestion as carbon source than methanol cultivated biomass.The specific denitrification reta tests results of our experiment, showed that the average of 0.15 an 0.51 mg N/mg for methanol and ethanol cultivated biomass respectively.
Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
A. Opayemi; R. Oguntayo; A. Popoola; A. Alabi
Abstract
This study investigated psychosocial factors as determinants of littering prevention behavior among residents of Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. The independent variables are; personality traits, gender, Residential characteristics, Educational level, Age and Organizational factors while dependent ...
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This study investigated psychosocial factors as determinants of littering prevention behavior among residents of Ilorin, Kwara state, Nigeria. The independent variables are; personality traits, gender, Residential characteristics, Educational level, Age and Organizational factors while dependent variable is littering prevention behavior. Descriptive survey was utilized for research design and accidental sampling technique to collect data from a total of 601 participants. The sample comprised of 263(43.8%) males and 338(56.2%) female respondents. Ten Item Personality Inventory (TIPI) was used to measure personality traits while Littering Prevention Behavior Scale (LPBS) was used to assess littering prevention behavior of respondents. The results revealed that there is significant positive relationship between littering prevention behavior and personality traits (extraversion, agreeableness, neuroticism, openness, conscientiousness) [R= (.260; P<.01), (R=.200; P<.01), R=(.144; P<.01), (R=.248; P<0.1), (R=168 P<.01). Also, female participants scored significantly higher on littering prevention behavior than males [t (599) =-3.429; p<.01). It further shows that personality factors predicted about % significant joint influence on littering prevention behavior {R= .327; R2=.107; F (5,595) =820.56; P<.05}. It was recommended that government should attract recycling companies to explore the country utilizing the rampant litters in our environs by monetizing the submission of litters to those companies to encourage the conformists; there should be public enlightenment on how to manage one’s personality to prevent littering behavior also, government should engage law enforcement agents to implement specific policies guiding and restricting littering behaviors.
Urban civil engineering and related management issues
Z. Khorsandi Kouhanestani; S. Dehdari; M. Jafarizadeh
Abstract
Urbanism directly affects the hydrological cycle. One of the ways to manage runoffs in urban areas that is considered nowadays is green roof creation. Green roof is mainly created in humid and semi-humid areas, and efficiency of green roofs in arid and semi-arid areas has attracted less attention. In ...
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Urbanism directly affects the hydrological cycle. One of the ways to manage runoffs in urban areas that is considered nowadays is green roof creation. Green roof is mainly created in humid and semi-humid areas, and efficiency of green roofs in arid and semi-arid areas has attracted less attention. In the current study, to evaluate the effect of green roof in arid and semi-arid to reduce runoff, an experimental green roof without vegetation was designed in Behbahan city of Khuzestan province in Iran. The city has an arid and semi-arid climate. Experimental Green roof was studied during 7 months. During the study, the data regarding the height of rainfall, soil moisture in different soil layers of the experimental green roof as well as the amount of output runoff were measured. The results showed that the amount of moisture in the surface layer of soil is severely affected by rainfall. The average surface soil moisture has been about 20.5 % and in the deep and middle layers has been 24.8 and 24.1, respectively. In addition, regarding runoff reduction and delays in creating runoff, the results showed that in the observed rain events, in average, 92.2 percent of volume of rainfall has been kept in soil, and has not been converted into runoff. Due to arid and semi-arid climate of the target area and high-intensity of rainfall, green roof can reduce a considerable percentage of runoff.
T.M. Kusuma; A.A.I.N. Marhaeni
Abstract
This study aims to analyze: 1) the development of demand for craft SMIs products through the use of e-commerce, 2) the effect of e-commerce utilization, macroeconomic conditions, prices, and the intensity of promotion on product demand, 3) the effect of e-commerce utilization, macroeconomic conditions, ...
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This study aims to analyze: 1) the development of demand for craft SMIs products through the use of e-commerce, 2) the effect of e-commerce utilization, macroeconomic conditions, prices, and the intensity of promotion on product demand, 3) the effect of e-commerce utilization, macroeconomic conditions, prices, promotion intensity, and product demand for performance; and 4) the role of product demand in mediating the effect of e-commerce utilization, macroeconomic conditions, prices, and the intensity of promotion on performance. The results of the study show that the product demand variable gives a value of 0.371 while influence of the business performance variable gives a value of 0.486. The results of the study show that the development of demand for handicraft products in Denpasar through low e-commerce utilization, craft SMIs that utilize e-commerce demand more products than those who do not utilize, macroeconomic conditions have a positive and significant effect on product demand, the price has a negative effect and significant to product demand, while promotion intensity has a positive but not significant effect on product demand. Crafting SMIs that utilize e-commerce have better performance than those that do not use, macroeconomic conditions, prices, and product demand have a positive and significant effect on performance. Promotion intensity has a positive but not significant effect on performance.Product demand variables mediate the effect of e-commerce utilization variables, perceptions of macroeconomic conditions, and price variables on the performance variables of small and medium scale industries
Human capital in urban management
M. Ahmadpour Borazjani; Sh. Mosapour; A.A. Keykha; M.R. Sasouli
Abstract
Removing local communities from lands that they have been exploiting for generations without consultation or adequate compensation can result in retaliation and hostile attitudes toward the objectives of the protected areas.Therefore, this study examines the application of willingness to participate ...
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Removing local communities from lands that they have been exploiting for generations without consultation or adequate compensation can result in retaliation and hostile attitudes toward the objectives of the protected areas.Therefore, this study examines the application of willingness to participate of local communities in the conservation of national parks. For the empirical observations, Iran’s Khabr National Park was studied. The required data were collected using questionnaires fulfilling and interviewing with locals and tourists of the Khabr National Park. For analyzing the data, the logit econometric model was applied. Results indicated that 80 percent of them were eager to participate and they wanted the park to be managed by private sectors. Therefore, it is recommended that the government provide a condition where the private sector act and engage people in the conservation of the park. Factors such as a history of participation in previous projects, being Indigenous, lack of management organization, and familiarity with the environment were determined as the factors which affected the participation in this project.
Sustainable urban infrastructure
G. Aladekoyi; E.G. Olumayede; D. Malomo
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Optimization of bitumen with Polymer modification such as a shredded tier, which serves as a waste in the environment has been used for road pavement to minimize common failure mechanisms associated with roads. The objectives aimed at using a shredded tier to modified ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Optimization of bitumen with Polymer modification such as a shredded tier, which serves as a waste in the environment has been used for road pavement to minimize common failure mechanisms associated with roads. The objectives aimed at using a shredded tier to modified bitumen (STMB) in ratio10:90, 20:80, 30:70, 40: 60, and 50:50, from Shredded tier were added to bitumen from Agbabu and Loda to study their performances when applied in the construction industry.METHODS: Bitumen, which was obtained from Odigbo and Irele Local Government Area of Ondo State, Nigeria, was mixed at 3000C for two hours at different proportion with a shredded tier. Characteristics such as Penetration, Viscosity, melting point, marshal Stability, specific gravity and mechanical properties were determined.FINDINGS: Marshall Stability (kg) at 600C increased with an increase in shredded tier modified bitumen from10% to 40% improved performance in both modifications and reduced in a 50% increase. This indicated that the increased in shredded tier reduced the measured value of penetration after the attainment values of 40:60 blends. This interaction between the bitumen-tier blends has a penetration value adequately agreed with the predicted value by the penetration index model. The rheological properties from different proportions at temperatures ranging from 450C to 650C at 40% modification were observed to have the least rutting parameter at 3.9 (G*/Sin δ (kPa) in Agbabu and 2.91(G*/Sin δ (kPa) in Loda for defects accountable to paving deformation and ageing as there was a decrease in the rutting parameter with the increase in temperature generally.CONCLUSION: Generally, the values obtained for the physico-mechanical properties increased with an increase in modifiers from 10% to 40% modification in the two samples. Though, Agbabu is preferable and economical due to the percentage yield for road construction.
Human capital in urban management
Y. Nazimi; K. Teymournejad; K. Daneshfard
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Technological advances and the expansion of its application in urban communities have led to extensive changes in conceptual dimensions, strategic importance and geographical concentration of urban services. Today, cities are at the highest level of need to use new methods ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Technological advances and the expansion of its application in urban communities have led to extensive changes in conceptual dimensions, strategic importance and geographical concentration of urban services. Today, cities are at the highest level of need to use new methods and technologies of service. Utilizing the numerous capabilities of technology in the field of urban management also has tremendous consequences, and its development in the form of intelligent municipal services requires the proper management of human resources. With the advent of the Fourth Revolution and the development of a new paradigm called digital human resource management, various areas of the human resource management process, including human resource performance management, need to be revised and updated based on this approach. Therefore, the purpose of this study is to identify the factors affecting human resource performance management with emphasis on the digital city and the prioritization of factors in the Municipality of Tehran.METHOD: This research is applied in terms of purpose, descriptive-survey in terms of method. In order to extract the research background the library method and for data collection purposes the field method, and questionnaire tools were used. After applying the selection criteria, 10 articles were selected for information extraction. After extracting the initial indicators using Delphi technique, 10 experts were interviewed. In order to analyze the data, confirmatory factor analysis and structural equations using partial least squares method have been used. The perspective of 11 employees of Municipality of Tehran using pairwise comparison questionnaire and their aggregation (with geometric mean) and analytic technique network process were performed and factors were prioritized with Super Decisions software.RESULTS: All items had a t-statistic greater than 1.96; therefore, none of the items were removed from the model and in total, all coefficients were significant at the 95% level. The relative weight of technological factor was 0.537, organizational 0.045, behavioral 0.078 and environmental 0.340 and since IR > 0.1=0.07, then there is consistency in pairwise comparisons. With the formation of a limit super matrix through software, the values of technological factors with 0.133, organizational 0.124, behavioral 0.086 and environmental 0.071, respectively, had the first to fourth priorities for human resource performance management with emphasis on the role of digital city.CONCLUSION: According to the obtained indicators, four factors affecting the management of human resource performance including technological, organizational, behavioral, and environmental factors were obtained. Findings from network analysis among all the factors, technological factor had the most impact and organizational factor had the least impact on human resource performance management with emphasis on the role of the digital city.
Human capital in urban management
A. Rajabipoor Meybodi; A. Jahanfekr; H. Mahjoor; E. Hosseini
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The employee's experience during employment can play a very important role in various aspects of the employee-employer relationship and subsequently in the personal improvement of the employee and the development and progress of the organization. Due to the fact that so far, ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The employee's experience during employment can play a very important role in various aspects of the employee-employer relationship and subsequently in the personal improvement of the employee and the development and progress of the organization. Due to the fact that so far, the experience of employees has not been measured with regard to the effect of job satisfaction, workplace and organizational culture, this research has innovation. Therefore, the purpose of this research is the identifying the dimensions of employee experience according to the effect of satisfaction, workplace, and organizational culture.METHODS: This study is applied and descriptive. The statistical population consisted of employees of the municipality of Kohgiluyeh and Boyer Ahmed provinces. The statistical population of the research included 823 municipal employees, which was estimated to be 260 for the statistical sample according to the online Cochran formula. The researcher-made questionnaire was compiled according to the research literature and sent to the statistical sample through the porsline link of the questionnaire. For content validity, the evaluation of scientific and executive experts who are aware of the subject and society showed that the questions of the questionnaire evaluate the variables and their relationships well. In the measurement model, the internal consistency of the model or reliability has been measured by calculating Cronbach's alpha coefficient and shared reliability. To measure divergent validity, Fornell and Larcker criteria were used. Data analysis was done using the software of structural equations of Lisrel.FINDINGS: Convergent validity and Cronbach's alpha were used to fit the measurement. The convergent validity was higher than the standard value of 0.5, which was acceptable for all variables. Cronbach's alpha was higher than the standard value of 0.7, which was acceptable for all variables. The t-statistic was used to test the hypotheses. The amount of t-statistic for culture and satisfaction variable was more than the acceptable limit, i.e. 1.96, which means that these two hypotheses have been confirmed. The value of t statistic was less than acceptable and this hypothesis was rejected.CONCLUSION: Considering the relationship between organizational culture and job satisfaction with employee experience, there is a need for managers to try to carry out activities or make decisions that increase employee job satisfaction and improve and make organizational culture more effective in order to create an effective experience and be efficient for employees.
Human capital in urban management
M. Arvan; S. Givehchi; S. Rokhsati
Abstract
One of the major challenges in mega cities is the degree of the preparedness of organizations, institutions and people in facing with critical conditions and their immediate reaction according to pre-defined instructions. Identification of priorities and acting accordingly is an undeniable factor in ...
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One of the major challenges in mega cities is the degree of the preparedness of organizations, institutions and people in facing with critical conditions and their immediate reaction according to pre-defined instructions. Identification of priorities and acting accordingly is an undeniable factor in urban crisis management. The purpose of this research was to identify the priorities of preparedness and readiness to immediate responses in case of large fire incident occurrence in the urban areas. District 9 of Tehran municipality was selected as a case study. Considering the Specific regional conditions of this area such as high population, old unstable housing constructions, presence of Mehr-abad air port at the heart of the district, and the gas transmission pipeline mark this district as a vulnerable area to fire incidents. According to the crisis management readiness index, 2 types of questionnaires were distributed among members of the crisis department and fire rescue forces of the district 9. The results reviled that the most important priorities were basic training to residents, equipping the gas valves with automatic cut off switches in an emergency situation, training the responsible personnel to act efficiently in the early hours of accident and performing maneuvers. SPSS software was used for statistical analysis and Cranach’s alpha coefficient was used to test the reliability of the questionnaire and to test the hypotheses single-sample T -test was used.
Urban transportation systems and traffic management
R. Ramezanian Bozorg Ghasem Abadi; A. Mohammadi; F. Moattar
Abstract
Traffic is one of the main sources of air pollution in metropolitan areas. With development of transportation system, inappropriate vehicle production, and the use of low-quality fuels, increased pollution in these areas is inevitable. The current study tries to determine PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO emission ...
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Traffic is one of the main sources of air pollution in metropolitan areas. With development of transportation system, inappropriate vehicle production, and the use of low-quality fuels, increased pollution in these areas is inevitable. The current study tries to determine PM2.5, PM10, NO2, and CO emission dispersion, caused by traffic, using CALINE4 software. According to research findings, during one month in each of 3 different seasons, CO levels varied between 30-55ppm. Also, NO2 levels, at all stations in Tehran, varied between 0.1- 0.4ppm; values above 0.05 represent pollution by diesel-fueled vehicles, mostly old and outdated public transportation buses. Modeling of suspended particles smaller than 2.5 microns indicated that pollution at all of the 10 stations was between 65-113μg/m3, which was above standard (35μg/m3). In addition, during all the studied months, the amount PM10 varied between 105-193μg/m3, and in some areas, it was above the Standard of the Iranian Department of the Environment (DOE) of 150μg/m3. According to matrix of internal and external factors analysis, strategies to be considered are of Weakness/Opportunity type (benefiting from opportunities and overcoming existing weaknesses). By forming a Quantitative Strategic Planning Matrix (QSPM), W/O strategies of SWOT matrix were prioritized. As a result, increased budget for environmental control in the area (39.5), cooperation and coordination between the private and public sectors (69.4), equipping the public transportation with low-energy and green vehicles (48.4), widespread public awareness campaign (98.3), and transferring the polluting industries to suburban areas (78.3) were selected as top strategies for managing traffic-borne air pollutant in District 12 of Tehran.
Human capital in urban management
P. Bakhtiari; I. Jalilian
Abstract
An entrepreneurial organization is always ready and able to adapt too many essential changes in the external environment, and plan their programs for changing environmental needs.This research has been done to identify the effect of job satisfaction on organizational entrepreneurship in the municipality. ...
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An entrepreneurial organization is always ready and able to adapt too many essential changes in the external environment, and plan their programs for changing environmental needs.This research has been done to identify the effect of job satisfaction on organizational entrepreneurship in the municipality. The methodology of the research in terms of the main strategy is a quantitative method. From the point of view of applied purpose, it is a descriptive and correlational method for executive, field, and library methods. The statistical population of this study is all 325 staff members in March 2018. The sampling method is a simple random method. The sample size was 175 people based on the Morgan table. Measurement tool in this research was a standard five-point Likert scale questionnaire and for analyzing data the Partial least squares regression (Smart PLS software) was used. Findings showed that job satisfaction (General Working Conditions, Contact with Colleagues, Salary and Benefits and Staff Loyalty) has a positive and significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship. Considering that the Cronbach's alpha value in this research is more than 0.7, it indicates the appropriate reliability of the research. The results showed that general conditions of work with severity (4.701), relationship with colleagues with severity (5.385), Salaries and benefits with severity (3.906) and loyalty of staff with severity (5.97) have a positive and significant effect on organizational entrepreneurship.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
A. Takdastan; M. Kardani; H. Janadeleh
Abstract
Earlier phases of economic expansion and urban development have resulted in significant sources of urban soil contamination. Petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the most common groups of persistent organic contaminants in the environment. In this study, two types of treatment in 3 concentrations were prepared ...
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Earlier phases of economic expansion and urban development have resulted in significant sources of urban soil contamination. Petroleum hydrocarbons are one of the most common groups of persistent organic contaminants in the environment. In this study, two types of treatment in 3 concentrations were prepared that were included plant treated by 1% oil pollution, treatment by 1% contamination without plant (as control), plant treated by 5% oil pollution, the 5% pollution treatment without plant (control), 10% oil pollution treatment with plant and 10% treatment without plant (control) that 3 replicates were prepared for each treatment. The obtained extracts were concentrated to 1 mL under a gentle stream of nitrogen gas, and then 2 μg of the sample was injected into a UNICAM 610 series gas chromatograph equipped with a flame ionization detector. Primary Total petroleum hydrocarbons amount in 1%, 5% and 10% concentration was respectively: 9027.40 mg/kg, 49599.03 mg/kg and 99548.28 mg/kg. After 4 months its amount in different concentration with plant was 126.43 mg/kg, 4463.92 mg/kg and 19611.50 mg/kg. The best total petroleum hydrocarbons removal efficiency was observed in all concentration at 120th day. The results of this study showed that vetiver can remove petroleum hydrocarbons from contaminated soils effective.
Urban transportation systems and traffic management
A. Rasaizadi; M. Askari
Abstract
The modal split model is one of the steps of the classical four-step travel demand planning. Predictive, descriptive, and prescriptive modal split models are essential to make a balance between travel demand and supply. To calibrate these models, it is necessary to detect and employ influential independent ...
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The modal split model is one of the steps of the classical four-step travel demand planning. Predictive, descriptive, and prescriptive modal split models are essential to make a balance between travel demand and supply. To calibrate these models, it is necessary to detect and employ influential independent variables that are related to characteristics of travel modes, individual and family attributes, zones land use, etc. In previous studies, researchers used the household size, the number of children, and the number of employees as independent variables to show the role of family structure on the modal split. These variables cannot discriminate between different families with different structures. This paper uses the life cycle concept to categorize families based on their structures, and the effectiveness of these new variables on modal split models is examined. For this purpose, five types of family structures are considered that differences between them are based on the age of the family’s children. The Multinomial Logit model is used for mode choice modeling for different trip aims. The mode choice model has been calibrated using the origin-destination data of Qazvin-Iran. Results show the critical role of life cycle dummies in the mode choice models compared to household size, for work, educational, personal, and social- recreational trip aims. Life cycle variables are more active on the work trips mode choice model by estimating 14 significant coefficients, in a 90 percent level of significance. The number of life cycle significant coefficients is decreased to 3 for the shopping trips model.
Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
G. Aladekoyi; A. Akinnusotu
Abstract
BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Disinterred manures from dumpsites in the cities are believed to be readily available source for soil nutrient for backyard farming. Health hazards posed on human due to labile metals contaminants are not considered or evaluated before consumption. Three major municipal dumpsites ...
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BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Disinterred manures from dumpsites in the cities are believed to be readily available source for soil nutrient for backyard farming. Health hazards posed on human due to labile metals contaminants are not considered or evaluated before consumption. Three major municipal dumpsites from Okitipupa (Waste Management (OKA), Igodan (OKB), and Okitipupa Oil Mill Road (OKC)) were analyzed for the concentrations, forms of labile metals in the soil and also concentration in green vegetables from the sites. The objectives of the research were to investigate the labile metal concentration, forms of the labile metals in the soil and their accumulation in plants from these major urban dumpsites. METHODS: Dried and digestedSoil and vegetable samples from the sites were analyzed for total concentration of labile metals and their forms through speciation in the soil were equally quantified. Concentrations from sample solutions were determined by Atomic Absorption Spectrophotometer. FINDING: Labile metals concentrations from the soilof Waste Management Dumpsite (OKA), IgodanDumpsite (OKB) and Okitipupa Oil Mill Road Dumpsite (OKC) indicated that Cadmium (Cd) values range from87.453mg/kg -106.500mg/kg). Copper (Cu) in the three samples ranged between 3.100-5.510mg/kg, which are significantly low and beyond the toxicity level as well as cobalt (Co). Chromium (Cr) was higher in OKA (22.980mg/kg) and OKC (10.560mg/kg) and least in OKB (2.900mg/kg).Iron was the most abundant ranging from 3690.000-6780.000mg/kg, followed by zinc ranging from385.000-2880.000mg/kg. Speciation of the labile metal indicate that the metal exist mostly in the inert fraction and easily absorbed by plant. CONCLUSION: The concentrations of the most labile metals in soil samples were high and majorly exist in inert fraction after speciation. Also, the concentrations in the plants were almost half of the concentration in the soil which indicated that they are not desirable for human consumption due to their toxicity level.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
A.R. Sadeghi; M. Khakzand
Abstract
Advantages of urbanization such as access to clean water, health, and overall easier life in cities, as well as the disadvantages or its negative effects on environment cannot be ignored. Today, there are numerous environmental problems due to the reduction in ecologically valuable places within urban ...
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Advantages of urbanization such as access to clean water, health, and overall easier life in cities, as well as the disadvantages or its negative effects on environment cannot be ignored. Today, there are numerous environmental problems due to the reduction in ecologically valuable places within urban areas. Bringing nature to the cities appears to be essential to enhance urban environment and to reduce environmental problems in urban communities. In fact, issues resulting from the idea of "sustainability" as a policy-making goal require an integrated environmental policy-making approach. The innovations of new environmental policy-making require policy-making mechanisms that can deal with interdependent characteristics of environmental problems. To this end, new structures have emerged known as Environmental Planning and Management and Strategic Environmental planning and management. This analytical – descriptive article aims to re-examine the origins and concepts related to environmental planning using a field and desk study. With the introduction of urban natural landscape, Environmental planning considers such spaces within the city. In this regard, Khoshk River, Shiraz, Iran, as an urban natural landscape, was analyzed. Environmental planning-based polices were proposed to improve quality of the place under discussion.
