@article { author = {Nyandika, H.O. and Kitur, E. and Nzeve, J.K.}, title = {Selected trace elements evaluation in soil from an urban farming area}, journal = {International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {187-198}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran Urban Planning and Research Center: Tehran Municipality}, issn = {2476-4698}, eissn = {2476-4701}, doi = {10.22034/IJHCUM.2020.03.01}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Urban farming makes a substantial influence on the household economy of the urban poor especially in developing countries. Urban soil the hot spot of urban farming is a natural sink for contaminants especially the trace elements derived mainly from anthropogenic activities. This study’s aim was to quantify the concentrations of selected trace elements (Cr, Mn, Cu, Ni, and Zn) in topsoil (0-20 cm) and subsoil (21-50 cm) and to evaluate whether their concentration vary during dry and rainy season. METHODS: Grid soil sampling method was used to collect soil samples and their total concentration was determined using a portable X-ray Fluorescence Spectrometer. FINDING: The study revealed that the topsoil had higher concentration than sub soil. The topsoil concentration in mg/kg were 61.62, 4042.58, 30.82, 43.90 and 456.43 for Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn respectively.  The subsoil concentration in mg/kg were 54.67, 3791.38, 30.32, 27.83 and 370.32 for Cr, Mn, Ni, Cu and Zn respectively. It also noted that concentration of the trace elements was higher during dry season than wet season but not significantly different (P ≥ .05) for all the elements. CONCLUSION: This study recommends that the level of trace elements studied in the soil be monitored to ensure that it does not reach the harmful levels.     }, keywords = {Element concentration,Contamination,Soils, Trace elements,Urban farming}, url = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43264.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43264_99a747c9ef26c3ae73a2122475add272.pdf} } @article { author = {Edrisi, A. and Nadi, A. and Askari, M.}, title = {Optimization-based planning to assess the level of disaster in the city}, journal = {International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {199-206}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran Urban Planning and Research Center: Tehran Municipality}, issn = {2476-4698}, eissn = {2476-4701}, doi = {10.22034/IJHCUM.2020.03.02}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: After having struck in a major natural disaster like an earthquake, different organizations run about to decrease losses. The lack of accurate demand information is a common problem that all emergency response organizations have to encounter such a crisis. Evaluation of the City disaster level is a mean to feed this information to the disaster response operations. The objective of this research is eschedule a group of experts to assess relief demand. These evaluation teams need to be scheduled to minimize the evaluation time. METHODS: This paper aims to formulate the routing and scheduling of the assessment teams so that real demand information for savings and rescue would be available as soon as possible. The simulated annealing algorithm is used to solve the scheduling problem. FINDING: two cost functions, sum of arrival time and max completion time, were evaluated. The latest is found to perform better in evaluation of the teams performance. CONCLUSION:The performance of the approach is tested on several randomly generated networks and synthesized demand data. The results show a 13 % improvement in the total completion time of operation in comparison with previous approaches.}, keywords = {Demand information,Disaster Management,Relief assessment routing,Scheduling and optimization,Simulated Annealing}, url = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43318.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43318_734cbbfc9ed0ff91e7152c9c9bac121b.pdf} } @article { author = {Nayeem, A.A. and Majumder, A.K. and Carter, W.S.}, title = {The impact of coronavirus induced general holiday on air quality in urban area}, journal = {International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {207-216}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran Urban Planning and Research Center: Tehran Municipality}, issn = {2476-4698}, eissn = {2476-4701}, doi = {}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The Bangladesh government declared a general holiday beginning on March 26, 2020 aimed to combat coronavirus (COVID-19) pandemic. The aim of this study was to assess the impacts of the general holiday on air quality in Dhaka city area of Bangladesh. METHODS: Hourly PM2.5 (aerodynamic diameter ≤2.5 µm) data was collected from publicly available World's Air Pollution: Real-time Air Quality Index Project from March 1 to May 16 for the five years 2016 to 2020. Tukey Multiple Comparison test was conducted to address the observable level of air quality changes between the years. Additionally, Moderate Resolution Imaging Spectroradiometer using the Aerosol Optical Depth with 550nm wavelength was analyzed during the same time period. FINDING: This Study found that, between April 7 and May 16, the mean daily reading of PM2.5 was less in 2020 when compared to previous years. The mean hourly reported PM2.5 during working hours of 6AM and 8 PM for 2020 was statistically lower (at α= 0.01 level) than all other years 2019, 2018, 2017 and 2016.  The mean hourly reported PM2.5 for 2019 was statistically higher (at α = 0.01 level) than all other years 2020, 2018, 2017, and 2016.  The Bus Rapid Transit and Mass Rapid Transit Construction in 2019 contributed between 24.2% and 38.6% of the PM2.5 dust during this period. The elimination of diesel bus traffic during working hours in 2020 reduced the dust levels between 15.9% and 36.3% compared to the previous four years.  A declining trend of AOD550 values was observed from April 7 to May 16, 2020 compared to previous four years (2016-2019). CONCLUSION: During the general holiday period in Dhaka, the daily and working hour PM2.5 as well as daily Aerosol Optical Depth were reduced compared to previous four years (2016-2019). Government action is recommended to reduce dust created during major construction projects. It is recommended the government authorize the replacement of buses with less polluting vehicles.}, keywords = {Corona Virus,Air quality index (AQI),General Holiday,pollution}, url = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43317.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43317_baaf8a549f86d8ff6d4485542ecb2c31.pdf} } @article { author = {Mesaeli, S.H. and Vakil Alroaia, Y.}, title = {Exploring relationship between the development of small and medium scale enterprises and the employment of universities graduate}, journal = {International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {217-230}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran Urban Planning and Research Center: Tehran Municipality}, issn = {2476-4698}, eissn = {2476-4701}, doi = {10.22034/IJHCUM.2020.03.04}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Over recent years the employment creation discussion was massively raised especially about university graduates and demands from Iran's government increased. The prediction of the youth unemployment rate during the period from 2015 to 2021 showed that with an annual growth rate of 5%, in the last year of the period, the unemployment rate for youth would be equal to 9.36%, and for university graduates will be 36%. Therefore, the main purpose of this research is to provide an applied model for small and medium-sized enterprise (SME) development and university graduates’ employment in Iran. METHODS: In this regard, an appropriate model was defined by studying the literature about small and medium enterprises development models and extracting effective factors according to Iran’s situation.  In the second stage, after selecting a sample of 60 small and medium enterprises in Iran, in order to quantitatively testing the model, the data were collected by a questionnaire and were analyzed with the help of PLS ​​software. In the third stage, the relative importance of factors were tested from the perspective of 10 experts in the field of entrepreneurship with more than 15 years of work experience with the help of ANP and PROMETHEE methods. FINDING: The results shows the preference value (Φ) of these factors respectively include the parameters of: Technology, innovation, and competitiveness (Φ=0.72); Financial support programs (Φ=0.63); Education and consultancy services (Φ=-0.38); Cooperative relationships (Φ=-0.41); and Export development (Φ=-0.55). CONCLUSION: Changing market conditions enable SMEs to respond more agile and faster to customer needs, improve the quality of their products, reduce the cost of their production, and their tendency to recruit university graduates.}, keywords = {Small and Medium scale Enterprises,development of Small and Medium Enterprises,Employment of Universities Graduate}, url = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43171.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43171_2038f88e9240a8bd897970aa717561b8.pdf} } @article { author = {Olorunfemi, S.O. and Adeniran, A.O.}, title = {Influence of road transport quality on urban dwellers’ satisfaction}, journal = {International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {231-240}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran Urban Planning and Research Center: Tehran Municipality}, issn = {2476-4698}, eissn = {2476-4701}, doi = {10.22034/IJHCUM.2020.03.05}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The significance of road mobility in any nation cannot be far-fetched or beyond economic purpose, spatial interaction and social integration. It contributes enormously to the livelihood of human existence most especially by facilitating regional complementarity of trade, intervening opportunities, and spatial transferability. The objective of this study was to examine the influence of road transport quality on urban dwellers’ satisfaction in Kogi state, Nigeria. METHODS: The study adopted a survey research design and systematic sampling method to elucidate primary data through questionnaire from 1215 respondents. FINDING: It was revealed that the status of the road network has an influence on the transport rate charge per trip at a correlation value of 0.998 and significant value of 0.000; and on the comfort derived from the passengers at correlation value of 0.545 and significant value of 0.000. The provision of transport scheme has an influence on the transport rate charge per trip at the correlation value of 0.905 and significant value of 0.000; and on the quality of road transport comfort at a correlation value of 0.523 and significant value of 0.000. The timely response of road maintenance and sub road infrastructure maintenance has an influence on the transport rate charge per trip at a correlation value of 0.545 and significant value of 0.000; and on the quality of road transport comfort at correlation value of 0.912 and significant value of 0.000. The communication link between the agencies in charge of road transport and the people in the study area influences the compliance of road transport operators with road safety rules and regulations at a correlation value of 0.565 and significant value of 0.000. CONCLUSION: The condition of the vehicle has a great impact on the level of comfort.    }, keywords = {Kogi state,Road quality,Satisfaction,urban dwellers}, url = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_40573.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_40573_9e361d14a74c46696deb1c8e2d9c7b25.pdf} } @article { author = {Motalebi, Gh. and sedaghati, A.}, title = {Forming a unique identity derived from cultural values hidden in the collective memories of citizens}, journal = {International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {241-250}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran Urban Planning and Research Center: Tehran Municipality}, issn = {2476-4698}, eissn = {2476-4701}, doi = {10.22034/IJHCUM.2020.03.06}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: The city is not just about appearance. People are present and live with architectural and urban spaces. The changes of Bojnord city after becoming the provincial capital have had many and sometimes destructive effects on the city. The issue of bad identity of cities is not a new one, but how to deal with it, despite the history of the problem, is still unclear. The present research tends to shape the specific identity of Bojnord city based on the cultural values ​​of the city (collective memories and narratives). Therefore, the concept of collective memories of the city has been investigated based on the experiences of residents of Bojnord. METHODS: The research was carried out using the Grounded Theory method and qualitative paradigm. The participants included 51 people including 32 women and 19 men, residing (as native) in Bojnord. Semi-structured interviews were used to collect data. FINDING:  According to the findings, the results of the review of the data were inferred in the 6-core categories, 41-Categories, 55-main Concepts, and 156-point (code) in the Maxqda software. Also, "location tagging (Space labeling) "(46.8percent/73 referrals) and "Native Arts and Local Events" (22.4 percent/35 referrals) were identified as the two main categories with the highest frequency of referenced indications. “The history of the city and its structure" (12.3 percent / 19 referrals) and "wall design" (7.7percent/ 12 referrals) are in the next priorities, respectively. CONCLUSION: Results indicate the urgent need to identify the particular concept of “collective memories" of each city to revitalize cultural value and the individual and social identity of it, over time.}, keywords = {Bojnord,citizens,collective memories,Identity,Cultural Value}, url = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43450.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43450_482de687fb737f434f5d98deed1d801d.pdf} } @article { author = {Theophilus, O.N. and Akaranta, O. and Ugwoha, E.}, title = {Impact of rainfall on natural attenuation of diesel and waste oil within urban base transceiver stations}, journal = {International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {251-266}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran Urban Planning and Research Center: Tehran Municipality}, issn = {2476-4698}, eissn = {2476-4701}, doi = {10.22034/IJHCUM.2020.03.07}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Very low grid power penetration in some urban areas has led to telecoms companies investing massively in the deployment of diesel generators (DGs). These deployments have led to diesel and waste oil spill at base transceiver station (BTS) sites during maintenance cycles, impacting the environment and human activities. The objective of this study is to evaluate the impact of different rainfall intensities on the amount of waste oil and diesel leached or retained in the soil during natural attenuation.   METHODS: The soil at base transceiver station was analyzed using response surface methodology (RSM). The experiment was carried out following the design of experiment approach with a 33 factorial. Three factors include contaminant volume, rainfall intensity, and soil depth on which the two response variables (leached and retained were utilized. FINDING: It was observed that rainfall intensities at 5mm/hr, 7.25, 9, and 10mm/hr has a significant impact on the amount of waste oil leached (1611.63mg/l) and retained (15888.9%) in the soil, though the amount of oil leached is inversely proportional to the amount retained as affected by different rainfall intensities considered in this work. Additionally, it was observed that rainfall intensity increases as the amount of oil leached decreases at higher soil depth while the amount of oil retained increases at lower soil depth. However, the significance of the impact of the different rainfall intensities is dependent on the soil depth.   CONCLUSION: The regression coefficient was found to be 72 % for waste oil retained and 67 % for the leached amount, hence the quadratic model developed in this study, demonstrated a higher accuracy for %retained rather than the amount of oil leached. However, this implies that the model is reliable, dependable, effective and accurate and thus recommended for use.}, keywords = {Impact,leached,rainfall intensities,retained,statistical evaluation,waste oil and diesel}, url = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43277.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_43277_a122bacbf8687917ed605388a50dbe22.pdf} } @article { author = {Mohammadi, S.}, title = {Organizational culture and its impact on organizational productivity}, journal = {International Journal of Human Capital in Urban Management}, volume = {5}, number = {3}, pages = {267-276}, year = {2020}, publisher = {Tehran Urban Planning and Research Center: Tehran Municipality}, issn = {2476-4698}, eissn = {2476-4701}, doi = {10.22034/IJHCUM.2020.03.08}, abstract = {BACKGROUND AND OBJECTIVES: Organizational culture is a topic that has recently emerged in management knowledge and in the domain of organizational behavior. Following new theories and research in management, organizational culture has become increasingly important and has become one of the central focus of management. The purpose of this study was to investigate the dimensions and indicators affecting organizational culture in order to improve organizational culture and productivity based on the Denison Model in District 19 of the Municipality of Tehran, Iran. METHODS: The research method was descriptive-correlational and Denison's organizational culture questionnaire which assesses organizational culture based on four dimensions of involvement in work, compatibility,  adaptability and, mission were used. Each of these four dimensions has three defined indicators. The statistical population of the study consisted of all employees of District 19 of Tehran Municipality, 148 of whom completed the questionnaire. After analyzing the data, the frame of the organizational culture of the district was formed. FINDING: The results showed that the mission and involvement in work have the mean scores of 3.14 and 3.01, respectively while adaptability and compatibility showed the mean score of 3.12 and 3.07. CONCLUSION: The municipality of District 19 in terms of its organizational missions and strategic goals needs a well-constructed plan}, keywords = {Denison model,Organizational Culture,productivity,Tehran municipality}, url = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_40448.html}, eprint = {https://www.ijhcum.net/article_40448_9aff702fe76751d9302839e96417754c.pdf} }