Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
M. Ranjbar; Gh. Sadeghnejadtalouki; M. Ghajar Sepanlou; F. Sadegh Zadeh; M.A. Bahmanyar
Abstract
An experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications and 14 fertilizer treatments in year 2014. The treatments were including the control, application of chemical fertilizers according the soil analysis, application of 15, 30 and 45 tons of municipal waste compost ...
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An experiment was conducted as randomized complete block design with three replications and 14 fertilizer treatments in year 2014. The treatments were including the control, application of chemical fertilizers according the soil analysis, application of 15, 30 and 45 tons of municipal waste compost per ha as simple and with 25, 50 and 75% of chemical fertilizers. The results revealed that the 7 years using of municipal waste compost significantly increased the concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium of the soils and rice grains and it improved the yield of rice as well. The highest concentrations of macro-nutrients (Nitrogen, Phosphorus and Potassium) were obtained in the treatment of 45 t/ha of municipal waste compost + 75% chemical fertilizers. The concentrations of nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium were increased 73.68, 230.0 and 30.74%, respectively, compared to the control treatment. Treatment of 45 t/ha + 25% of chemical fertilizer had the highest 1000 grains weight. The percentage of 1000 grains weight was increased 9.82 compared to the control treatment. The highest yield of pad was obtained by using of 45 tons + 25% of chemical fertilizers that compared to the control treatment showed 51.33% increase. Finally, from the results, it can be concluded that the combination of municipal waste compost and chemical fertilizers are reliable organic waste and fertilizers management strategy to increase the concentrations of macro-nutrients in rice and increase the rice yield as well.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
X. Dou
Abstract
The essence of low carbon economy development is a continuous evolution and innovation process of socio-economic system from traditional high carbon economy to new sustainable green low carbon economy to achieve a sustainable dynamic balance and benign interactive development of various elements between ...
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The essence of low carbon economy development is a continuous evolution and innovation process of socio-economic system from traditional high carbon economy to new sustainable green low carbon economy to achieve a sustainable dynamic balance and benign interactive development of various elements between society, economy and natural ecosystem. At the current stage, China’s socio-economy is showing the feature of "three high" (high energy consumption, high emissions and high pollution). In this case, quickly to promote the development of green low carbon economy is necessary and urgent. This research indicates that, low carbon economy development is achieved by micro-economic agents such as households, businesses and social intermediary organizations through Government’s guidance and the role of market mechanism. In low carbon economy development, the state (government) is a leader and markets are core, while economic agents (e.g., households, businesses and social intermediary organizations) are basis. For this reason, it is necessary to build an effective cleaner development and incentive-compatible policy system oriented to end-users.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
M. Pishro; S. Khosravi; S.M. Tehrani; S.R. Mousavi
Abstract
The earth's surface, due to its natural conditions and its structure is always changing and reshaping. One of the created deformations is the land subsidence. This is the most dangerous events which can be seen in most urban areas especially in the agricultural plains today. This study aims at zoning ...
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The earth's surface, due to its natural conditions and its structure is always changing and reshaping. One of the created deformations is the land subsidence. This is the most dangerous events which can be seen in most urban areas especially in the agricultural plains today. This study aims at zoning land subsidence and recognition of geometrical factors in southwest of Tehran. To estimate and predict land subsidence, all the effective subsidence factors were identified. Among the factors, nine most important factors including, downfall of groundwater, thickness of clay, depth of groundwater, annual discharge of water from wells, the distance of well to each other, slop, elevation, land use and geology were evaluated. Ultimately, three variables were selected as the most important variables. For modeling and zoning these factors, artificial neural network using Matlab software and Arc-GIS software for creating primary layers were used. The results indicate that the main cause of subsidence is excessive removal of underground water resources. Since the use of water resources in agriculture is accounted for the highest percentage of consumption and also because a large part of the study area have an agriculture land use, therefore the underground water drop and agricultural land uses are the most susceptible areas of land subsidence occurrence.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
A.R. Sadeghi; M. Khakzand
Abstract
Advantages of urbanization such as access to clean water, health, and overall easier life in cities, as well as the disadvantages or its negative effects on environment cannot be ignored. Today, there are numerous environmental problems due to the reduction in ecologically valuable places within urban ...
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Advantages of urbanization such as access to clean water, health, and overall easier life in cities, as well as the disadvantages or its negative effects on environment cannot be ignored. Today, there are numerous environmental problems due to the reduction in ecologically valuable places within urban areas. Bringing nature to the cities appears to be essential to enhance urban environment and to reduce environmental problems in urban communities. In fact, issues resulting from the idea of "sustainability" as a policy-making goal require an integrated environmental policy-making approach. The innovations of new environmental policy-making require policy-making mechanisms that can deal with interdependent characteristics of environmental problems. To this end, new structures have emerged known as Environmental Planning and Management and Strategic Environmental planning and management. This analytical – descriptive article aims to re-examine the origins and concepts related to environmental planning using a field and desk study. With the introduction of urban natural landscape, Environmental planning considers such spaces within the city. In this regard, Khoshk River, Shiraz, Iran, as an urban natural landscape, was analyzed. Environmental planning-based polices were proposed to improve quality of the place under discussion.
