Urban health, safety and environment (HSE)
M.H. Rahimi; N. Kalantari; M. Sharifidoost; A. Gashtasebi
Abstract
Nowadays, it is vital to pay attention more seriously to the urban environmental risks because of its effects on citizens' lives. One of these problems is groundwater pollution which threatens much valuable water resources. Drinking water in Qom City is provided from different resources, such as watersheds ...
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Nowadays, it is vital to pay attention more seriously to the urban environmental risks because of its effects on citizens' lives. One of these problems is groundwater pollution which threatens much valuable water resources. Drinking water in Qom City is provided from different resources, such as watersheds and water wells which are located within the city. Although there is a shortage of water supply, according to the extreme water demand, these wells are used to provide city drinking water. Unfortunately, Sewage collection network in this city has not been completed yet and only a small amount of municipal wastewater is collected by the sewer network. As a result the city aquifer has been contaminated by the wastewater infiltration through the septic tanks scattered across the city. In order to assess the amount of contamination in water wells in urban areas of Qom City, sampling and testing of 24 deep wells which are scattered in the city was performed on December 2013. The meseared qualitative parameters consist of color, T, TU, TSS, pH, EC, TDS, DO, BOD5, COD, Total Alkalinity, CO3, HCO3, Total Hardness, Ca, Mg, SO4, Cl, Na, K, NH4, NO2, NO3, PO4, Br, I, TC, FC, FS, HPC, Fe, Hg, Pb, Co, Cd, Ni, As, Zn, B, Cu, Mn, Sn, Ba, and Sr. In this study, the drinking water physical, chemical and microbiological specifications guidelines of Iranian Standards and Industrial Research and the World Health Organization standards were used to evaluate the amount of the aquifer pollution. The results indicate that the aquifer in Qom is polluted widely by B, NO3, TC, FC and HPC.
Urban ecology and related environmental concerns
T. Jafarynasab
Abstract
Increasing water demand and reducing its contaminations are the main concerns and challenges for water resource managers and planner due to its limited sources and high value. This study aims to assess and understand the factors which threaten the quality of groundwater resources and to achieve this, ...
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Increasing water demand and reducing its contaminations are the main concerns and challenges for water resource managers and planner due to its limited sources and high value. This study aims to assess and understand the factors which threaten the quality of groundwater resources and to achieve this, samples were taken from 14 active wells in District 3 of the Municipality of Tehran. After categorizing the parameters to distinct measurable groups containing anions (SO4, Cl, NO2, NO3, HCO3, CO3), cations (Mg, Na, k) heavy metals (Ag, Pb, Cd) physical parameters (temperature, color and odor) chemical parameters (Total Dissolved Solid , Electrical conductivity, Total Suspended Solids and pH, the data were analyzed using SPSS (version 16) software. The results revealed that excessive amount of nitrate anion in Paidari and Naji station is related to the slope and sandy texture of the wells and also the surrounding area’s soil. Increased cation concentration was visible in Resalat well, which indicated the use of excessive amount of fertilizers containing sodium and also the clay soil texture. Cadmium was the only heavy metal with the concentrations of more than the standard amount. Domestic sewage and surface runoff and also regional geological structure, the lack of appropriate distance between water wells with sewage wells were among other reasons, causing underground water pollution.
